pvd手表磨損了怎么辦(手表的pvd涂層會(huì)掉色嗎)
來(lái)源:Watch手表之家 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2024-04-06 10:20:511. 手表的pvd涂層會(huì)掉色嗎
不會(huì)。如果掉色一定就是假的,勞力士沒(méi)有PVD鍍金款,所有金表都是18K,純度750
勞力士金表(18K)是蠔式恒動(dòng)雙日歷系列,參考價(jià)228000,機(jī)械全自動(dòng),旋入式表冠,三扣鎖,勞力士沒(méi)有透底表款,表后蓋為旋入式,和表冠一樣,為的是更好的防水,一般的瑞士名表都是壓蓋的。金表型號(hào):116238(18K黃金)116235(18K永恒玫瑰金)116239(18K白金)
2. pvd涂層手表劃痕怎么處理
我個(gè)人覺(jué)得還是納米涂層水槽好一些。
當(dāng)然可能會(huì)覺(jué)得納米水槽的價(jià)格特別的貴,這一點(diǎn)不可否認(rèn),目前市面上的納米水槽價(jià)格確實(shí)是更為貴一些,但一分價(jià)錢一分貨,納米水槽的優(yōu)點(diǎn)也是很多。
首先這種水槽的外觀確實(shí)要比普通的水槽更為漂亮一些,表面也是更為光滑一些,這樣一來(lái)表面就不容易,加上一些油污或者其他的臟東西,清潔工作也是更好做。其次就是這種水槽的使用壽命肯定也要比普通的水槽更加長(zhǎng)一些。
3. 手表pvd涂層是什么意思啊
PVD涂層技術(shù)是一種綠色清潔的表面處理技術(shù)—在高真空中采用物理方法在目標(biāo)工件表面上制備一層幾百納米到幾十微米的涂層,可以提供特定表面強(qiáng)化需求。
技術(shù)核心思想:使用厚度僅僅數(shù)微米的二維材料對(duì)材料表面進(jìn)行保護(hù),實(shí)現(xiàn)工具的使用壽命和使用性能得到顯著提升,獲得低成本下高效率的效用,適用于小型精密工件的表面強(qiáng)化。
4. pvd鍍膜手表會(huì)掉色嗎
PVD即物理氣相沉積,是當(dāng)前國(guó)際上廣泛應(yīng)用的先進(jìn)的表面處理技術(shù)。其工作原理就是在真空條件下,利用氣體放電使氣體或被蒸發(fā)物質(zhì)部分離化,在氣體離子或被蒸發(fā)物質(zhì)離子轟擊作用的同時(shí)把蒸發(fā)物或其反應(yīng)物沉積在基材上。它具有沉積速度快和表面清潔的特點(diǎn),特別具有膜層附著力強(qiáng)、繞性好、可鍍材料廣泛等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 采用全球先進(jìn)的磁控濺射離子鍍膜和多弧離子鍍膜工藝設(shè)備,及在此基礎(chǔ)之上與國(guó)際專家的工藝創(chuàng)新。憑借在裝飾鍍行業(yè)十多年的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn),為客戶提供最適合的涂層加工方案。 PVD鍍膜的屬性?金屬外觀 顏色均勻一致 耐久的表面,在各種基本的空氣和直射陽(yáng)光環(huán)境條件下永久保持良好外觀。顏色深韻、光亮。 ?經(jīng)濟(jì),可減少清洗和擦亮電鍍黃銅或金色所必須的時(shí)間和成本。使用一塊軟布和玻璃清潔劑即可清潔干凈PVD膜層。?對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)害,避免化學(xué)中毒和VOC的散發(fā)。?具生物兼容性。PVD鍍膜特性?卓越的附著力,可以折彎90度以上不發(fā)生裂化或者剝落(PVD鍍膜持有很高附著力和耐久力)。其它的技術(shù),包括電鍍,噴涂都不能與其相比。?可以蝕刻出任何能夠想象出的設(shè)計(jì)圖案。?可以使用在內(nèi)裝修或者室外。?真空鍍膜,抗氧化,抗腐蝕。耐腐蝕,化學(xué)性能穩(wěn)定,抗酸。手機(jī)外殼PVD鍍膜抵抗力。?鍍膜外殼容易清除油漆和指紋。?在強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光,咸的濕地和城市環(huán)境下,都不失去光澤,不氧化,不褪色,不脫落和爆裂。高度耐磨損,耐刮擦,不易劃傷。可鍍材料廣泛,與基體結(jié)合力強(qiáng)。PVD 裝飾涂層顏色系列 PVD可以在不銹鋼、銅、鈦 鋅鋁合金等金屬上鍍制CrN. TiN. TiAlCN. TiCN. TiAlN。金色、黃銅色、玫瑰金色、銀白色、黑色、煙灰色、紫銅色、棕色、紫色、藍(lán)色、酒紅色、古銅色等顏色,并能根據(jù)您的要求提供所需的顏色及質(zhì)量。還可在塑料產(chǎn)品上鍍制EMI膜 半透膜 透明膜 不導(dǎo)電膜。 PVD應(yīng)用范圍 PVD技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于電子產(chǎn)品 門窗五金、廚衛(wèi)五金、燈具、海上用品、首飾、工藝品,及其它裝飾性制品的加工制造。如今PVD在日用五金領(lǐng)域已相當(dāng)普及,許多世界領(lǐng)先的五金制造商都已開(kāi)始PVD產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)和大批量生產(chǎn)。PVD豐富的色彩使其非常容易搭配,優(yōu)異的抗惡劣環(huán)境,以及易清洗、不褪色的性能使其深受消費(fèi)者喜愛(ài)。特別是銅色系列涂層,被全世界廣泛采用,并用來(lái)代替銅及鍍銅制品。
5. 手表的黑色pvd涂層會(huì)掉色嗎
Nixon手表Chrono系列腕表是采用PVD鍍金。掉色不可能,但時(shí)間長(zhǎng)了,鍍層磨損后會(huì)露出底色,有點(diǎn)難看。
6. 手表pvd涂層能保持多久
DLC涂層又叫類金剛石涂層,就是PVD的一種膜系,所以沒(méi)法講和PVD涂層的對(duì)比,目前DLC涂層刀具用到切削si含量較低的鋁件是比較好的,現(xiàn)在木工刀具也開(kāi)始使用;模具上一潤(rùn)滑性要求高的也適合,還有一些汽車零部件上都比較適合。
7. 手表pvd鍍層補(bǔ)漆
pvd就是真空離子電鍍,會(huì)掉色。相對(duì)于普通的水度比較耐磨,但不會(huì)像后者大片大片的脫落,而是隨著佩戴時(shí)間的增加慢慢的變淡。具體時(shí)間不詳。應(yīng)該在5年以上了,或者更長(zhǎng),反正現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)周圍有人買了PVD 的掉色嚴(yán)重。主要看保養(yǎng)程度了,出汗太多,與化學(xué)品接近等都會(huì)影響年限。梅花的品質(zhì)不錯(cuò),老品牌了。
8. 美度手表pvd鍍層掉色露底了
美度指揮官新款CommanderShade腕表顏值很高,玫瑰金PVD鍍層處理加上一體式圓形表殼設(shè)計(jì)讓這款腕表顯得很有質(zhì)感,氣場(chǎng)滿分。而且灰褐色和銀色雙色漸層的表盤十分優(yōu)雅,適用場(chǎng)合比較廣。對(duì)于愛(ài)表人士來(lái)說(shuō),我覺(jué)得這款表意義非凡,煙熏放射紋緞面表盤取材于1979年表款設(shè)計(jì),美度是想通過(guò)這款腕表的設(shè)計(jì)向“七零年代”致敬。這樣既實(shí)用,又有很高的紀(jì)念收藏價(jià)值。
9. pvd鍍金手表褪色后圖片
PVD鍍金已經(jīng)比較成熟了,兩三年之內(nèi)掉色是肯定不會(huì)的,這個(gè)可以放心,但三年之內(nèi)有概率會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題是顏色不均和因磕碰而露出底色,到時(shí)就很尷尬了,雖然可以選擇重新鍍,但是我印象中價(jià)格不菲(800+,因表而異),還有就是細(xì)小的劃痕不要拿麂皮去拋光。
10. 手表dlc涂層掉色
素描是一切繪畫(huà)的基礎(chǔ),這是研究繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)所必須經(jīng)過(guò)的一個(gè)階段。狹義上專指用于學(xué)習(xí)美術(shù)技巧、探索造型規(guī)律、培養(yǎng)專業(yè)習(xí)慣的繪畫(huà)訓(xùn)練過(guò)程。
如何選擇工具
素描是一種正式的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作,以單色線條來(lái)表現(xiàn)直觀世界中的事物,不同的筆觸營(yíng)造出不同的線條及橫切關(guān)系和節(jié)奏、主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的周圍環(huán)境、平面、體積、色調(diào)、及質(zhì)感。不同的作品則需要不同的工具語(yǔ)言來(lái)表述,才能更加體現(xiàn)畫(huà)面的效果,作品才能成功。
干筆適宜作清晰的線條,水筆宜于表現(xiàn)平面;精美的筆觸可用毛筆揮灑,而廣闊的田野則可用鉛筆或粉筆去勾勒。炭筆是兩者都可兼用的。對(duì)工具的理解是完成好一幅作品的首要條件。
筆
鉛筆
美術(shù)鉛筆的鉛芯有不同等級(jí)的軟硬區(qū)別,硬的以"H"為代表,如:1H、2H、3H、4H等,前邊數(shù)字越大,硬度越強(qiáng),即色度越淡;軟的以"B"為代表,如:1B、2B、3B、4B、5B、6B等,數(shù)字越大軟度越強(qiáng),色度越黑;學(xué)生用鉛筆一般是HB形,軟硬適中。對(duì)于初學(xué)繪畫(huà)的可從HB到4B中選擇三種類型就可以了。
推薦
輝柏嘉、施德樓、三菱、中華、馬可、凱蘭帝、老人頭、得韻、馬利、馬培德
炭筆
炭筆的用法和鉛筆相似,炭筆的色澤深黑,有較強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)能力,是畫(huà)素描的理想工具,用于畫(huà)人物肖像尤佳,但畫(huà)重了很難擦掉。
推薦
1、馬利、MARCO/馬可、庫(kù)爾貝、高爾樂(lè)、中華、奧文、得韻Derwent、老人頭、盧浮宮、德福龍
木炭條
木炭條是用樹(shù)枝燒制而成,色澤較黑,質(zhì)地松散,附著力較差,畫(huà)完成后需噴固定液,否則極易掉色破壞效果。
推薦
米婭(MIYA)、馬利(Marie's)、蒙瑪特(Mont Marte)、青竹畫(huà)材(CHINJOO)、尼奧尼(NYONI)、海特(Hite)、高爾樂(lè)(Kuelox)、衛(wèi)莊、老人頭(lotory)、睿識(shí)
炭精棒
炭精棒常見(jiàn)的有黑色和赭石色兩種,質(zhì)地較木炭條硬,附著力較強(qiáng),可用可不用固定液。
推薦
海特索斯
紙
畫(huà)素描通常在專用的素描紙上進(jìn)行,選用素描紙時(shí)要注意紙質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí)、平整、耐磨、紋理細(xì)膩、不毛不皺、易于修改,如素描紙、鉛畫(huà)紙。太粗、太薄、太光滑的紙都不適合鉛筆畫(huà)素描。初學(xué)者使用的紙張大小以8開(kāi)或4開(kāi)為宜,16開(kāi)大小的銅版紙和復(fù)印紙,則適合用鋼筆、圓珠筆畫(huà)素描。
素描紙的表面有明顯的紋理,這樣鉛筆上色才會(huì)比較容易,另外,背面的紋理也不一樣,背面的紋理要比正面紋理弱,所以應(yīng)該在紙張的正面繪畫(huà)。
輔助工具
畫(huà)架
用來(lái)放置素描紙的架子。
畫(huà)夾
寬邊的大鐵夾可用在畫(huà)板上固定紙張。
膠帶
膠帶也是不錯(cuò)的固定紙張的工具,因?yàn)槟z帶寬度均勻,畫(huà)完后將膠帶去除會(huì)留下一條好看的白邊
寬筆刷
用起來(lái)超級(jí)方便的清掃工具,畫(huà)面上的橡皮屑較多的時(shí)候,用它清除就不會(huì)弄花畫(huà)了。
鉛筆延長(zhǎng)器
鉛筆用短了之后都會(huì)很苦惱,用的時(shí)候不方便,扔了又覺(jué)得可惜。將筆的一頭放入延長(zhǎng)器中,畫(huà)筆瞬間就變長(zhǎng)了。是非常不錯(cuò)的節(jié)省工具。
繪畫(huà)常識(shí)
想要學(xué)素描,必須要了解一些知識(shí),具體的如下幾個(gè)方面:
一點(diǎn)透視
最常用到的就是一點(diǎn)透視,因?yàn)橐稽c(diǎn)透視只有一個(gè)消失點(diǎn)(滅點(diǎn))所以也叫:平行透視。
凡大小相等的物體愈遠(yuǎn),其形愈小,以至于最后消失于一點(diǎn),這點(diǎn)稱為消失點(diǎn)。根據(jù)消失點(diǎn)的不同位置,能觀察到的面也不同。當(dāng)消失點(diǎn)在物體外側(cè)時(shí),可看到2個(gè)面,在物體上方時(shí)能看到3個(gè)面,在物體內(nèi)側(cè)時(shí)只能看到一個(gè),如果物體正面是空的,則看到的是物體的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。
不論畫(huà)什么物體都可以歸納、概括在一個(gè)立方體或者多個(gè)立方體中,只要有一個(gè)面是與畫(huà)面平行的,就可以利用一點(diǎn)透視(平行透視)來(lái)作畫(huà)。一點(diǎn)透視合適畫(huà)小的物體,透視變化不大,但是畫(huà)的時(shí)候一定要體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
站在寬廣的平地上向前看,遠(yuǎn)方天地的交界線,稱為地平線,地平線是處理透視圖形的重要依據(jù)。平視時(shí)地平線和視平線重合,地平線就是視平線;俯視時(shí),地平線在視平線的上方。
位置在畫(huà)者右方的景物,看見(jiàn)它的左側(cè)。位置在畫(huà)者左方的景物,看見(jiàn)它的右側(cè)。
凡在視平線以上的景物,愈遠(yuǎn)在畫(huà)紙上的位置愈低。視平線以下的景物,愈遠(yuǎn)在畫(huà)紙上的位置愈高。
有了以上這些繪畫(huà)透視知識(shí)如果掌握并且運(yùn)用到繪畫(huà)中就不會(huì)在畫(huà)中犯常識(shí)性的錯(cuò)誤,而且構(gòu)圖會(huì)合理,符合視覺(jué)欣賞的美感。
兩點(diǎn)透視
物體有一組垂直線與畫(huà)面平行,其他兩組線均與畫(huà)面成一定角度,而每組有一個(gè)消失點(diǎn),共有兩個(gè)消失點(diǎn),稱為兩點(diǎn)透視。
兩點(diǎn)透視(成交透視)
兩點(diǎn)透視圖畫(huà)面效果比較自由、活潑,能比較真實(shí)地反映空間,可以反映建筑物的正側(cè)兩面,容易表現(xiàn)出體積感。另外,兩點(diǎn)透視加上較強(qiáng)的明暗對(duì)比,物體體感會(huì)更強(qiáng)。
認(rèn)識(shí)明暗
明暗產(chǎn)生的原因:有光源(不論是自然光源、人工光源)照射,才會(huì)產(chǎn)生明暗;光源直射處(向光)是明亮部,照射不到之處(背光)是黑暗部,反射光所形成的是中間灰色部分。沒(méi)有光,我們的眼睛將看不到任何東西。
利用鉛筆表現(xiàn)明暗的方法:
鉛筆直立地以尖端來(lái)畫(huà)時(shí),畫(huà)出來(lái)的線較明了而堅(jiān)實(shí);鉛筆斜側(cè)起來(lái)以尖端的腹部來(lái)畫(huà)時(shí),筆觸及線條都比較模糊而柔弱,筆觸的方向要整理才不致混亂。
鉛筆畫(huà)使用橡皮擦注意事項(xiàng):
初學(xué)畫(huà)一筆不滿意時(shí),就馬上用橡皮擦去了,第二次畫(huà)得不對(duì)時(shí)又再擦去,這是最不好的習(xí)慣。一則容易傷害畫(huà)紙使紙張留下疤痕,再則畫(huà)時(shí)就越畫(huà)越無(wú)把握了,所以應(yīng)極力避免。
當(dāng)?shù)谝还P畫(huà)不對(duì)時(shí),盡可再畫(huà)上第二筆,如此畫(huà)時(shí)就有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),容易改正,等濃淡明暗一切都畫(huà)好之后,再把不用之處的鉛筆線,用橡皮輕輕擦去,這樣整幅畫(huà)面就清楚可愛(ài)多了。
畫(huà)面上的線痕通常到最后都會(huì)被暗的部份遮沒(méi)了,把露出的部份擦去較為省力。同時(shí)不用的線痕,往往無(wú)形中成為主體的襯托物,所以不擦去無(wú)害于畫(huà)面,有時(shí)反而收到無(wú)形的效果,這是我們不可不注意的地方。
空間感
在繪畫(huà)中依照幾何透視和空間透視的原理,描繪出物體之間的遠(yuǎn)近、層次、穿插等關(guān)系,使之在平面的繪畫(huà)上傳達(dá)出有深度的立體的空間感覺(jué)。
前面的物體不要畫(huà)到后面去了也不要把后面的物體畫(huà)到前面了,合理的安排他們的位置。讓整個(gè)畫(huà)面有一個(gè)前大后小,前實(shí)后虛。上實(shí)下虛的空間效果。總之就是畫(huà)面的層次感明確。
入門
畫(huà)素描之前要充分做好各種線條的練習(xí),還要做線條的由淺入深、由深到淺的成組練習(xí)。經(jīng)過(guò)構(gòu)圖、輪廓、大形深入刻畫(huà)到整體調(diào)整等不同的作畫(huà)環(huán)節(jié),這個(gè)作畫(huà)的過(guò)程體現(xiàn)從整體到局部到整體的觀察過(guò)程。如果沒(méi)有這種正確的作畫(huà)程序,就不能保證畫(huà)面的準(zhǔn)確、深入與完整。
素描步驟
畫(huà)前要觀察研究物體的基本形狀,看它的受光方向,結(jié)構(gòu)造型,形成的立體效果,然后用直線勾出它的大體輪廓,再依照光源,確定物體的受光(淡面)、側(cè)光(灰面)、遮光(深面)三大部分。最后在這些面與面之間加上銜接的層次,使它自然、圓潤(rùn)起來(lái),直到表現(xiàn)出質(zhì)感為止。 素描畫(huà)好后要對(duì)描繪的物體進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌和完善加工。
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d這個(gè)視頻講的是受光的技巧,比較淺顯易懂,有助于進(jìn)一步理解。
構(gòu)圖
構(gòu)圖是每一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)繪畫(huà)的人所必須要掌握的一項(xiàng)基本能力,從美得感受出發(fā),讓觀賞者感受到美、舒服。各部份的一種配置法,依照經(jīng)過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)的格式,一致的比例,或重復(fù)的體系去安排。一般情況下在繪畫(huà)中構(gòu)圖講究天小地大、左右均衡;各物體大小適中,整體完整,不可過(guò)小,亦不可過(guò)大。
五種方法
1、三角形構(gòu)圖,素描靜物中最常用到的。
三角形構(gòu)圖是最常見(jiàn)的和最穩(wěn)定的構(gòu)圖形式,靜物分成三組放在三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)上。此類構(gòu)圖畫(huà)面穩(wěn)定、主體突出、層次明確、錯(cuò)落有致,適合靜物數(shù)量較少的組合。
三角形的三條邊是由不同方向的直線合攏而成,而不同的線條組成不同形式的三角形,產(chǎn)生不同的趨勢(shì)和變化。如果你坐在靜物正面中間位置,可能會(huì)更多采用三角形構(gòu)圖。
2、C形構(gòu)圖
“C”形構(gòu)圖,畫(huà)面動(dòng)感程度優(yōu)于其他形式的構(gòu)圖。
這種構(gòu)圖方式使畫(huà)面具有流動(dòng)性,更容易表現(xiàn)較大空問(wèn)的靜物組合。“C”形有三個(gè)點(diǎn),主體物往往在中間點(diǎn)的位置.前面的點(diǎn)往往是第一次要物體的擺放位置,最后面的點(diǎn)幫助你加強(qiáng)畫(huà)而空間層次的推移。
3、S形構(gòu)圖
"S”具有曲線的優(yōu)點(diǎn),優(yōu)美而富有活力和韻味,所以“S“形構(gòu)圖給人一種美的享受,而且畫(huà)面顯得生動(dòng)、活潑。讀者的視線隨著"S”形向縱深移動(dòng),可有力地表現(xiàn)其場(chǎng)景的空間感和深度感。在 "S”形構(gòu)圖中,通常會(huì)縮短 "S”的上部,拉長(zhǎng) "S”的下部,以形成“上緊下松”的構(gòu)圖關(guān)系。
4、圓形構(gòu)圖
圓形構(gòu)圖就是讓靜物在畫(huà)面中圍成一個(gè)圓圈。圓形構(gòu)圖在視覺(jué)上給人以旋轉(zhuǎn)、運(yùn)動(dòng)和收縮的審美效果。
當(dāng)圓形被拉長(zhǎng)時(shí),就會(huì)變成橢圓形。橢圓形構(gòu)圖大都采用寬大于高的橫幅形式,它不僅有靜態(tài)效果,也會(huì)產(chǎn)生動(dòng)態(tài)效果,同時(shí)還具有較為明顯的整體感。
5、水平式構(gòu)圖
水平式構(gòu)圖的物體不能放在畫(huà)面正中,應(yīng)當(dāng)處于一個(gè)偏上或者偏下的位置。水平式構(gòu)圖縱向上的空間層次較少,為了讓畫(huà)面豐富,各個(gè)物體要在形狀、大小、高矮顏色等因素上形成對(duì)比,使畫(huà)面安定、平和,可以增強(qiáng)畫(huà)面的穩(wěn)定感。同時(shí)還要安排好位置,形成前后的空間層次。
文字講解不能很直觀地展現(xiàn),可配合視頻講解,進(jìn)一步理解怎么構(gòu)圖https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d
輪廓
素描輪廓線是指物體外部和內(nèi)部形狀對(duì)線條,描述前進(jìn)或后退的形狀之變化方面的一條斷續(xù)線或連續(xù)線。也指物體對(duì)形,沒(méi)有輪廓線就沒(méi)有"形” 。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)輪廓包括外輪廓和內(nèi)輪廓,兩者相互依存,就是說(shuō)外輪廓畫(huà)錯(cuò)了,內(nèi)輪廓也必然跟著錯(cuò),內(nèi)輪廓錯(cuò)了也會(huì)影響外輪廓的準(zhǔn)確。在實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題是容易把二者分開(kāi)來(lái)觀察,分開(kāi)來(lái)畫(huà),分開(kāi)來(lái)檢查,必須兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)觀察并結(jié)合起來(lái)畫(huà)才對(duì)。要知道輪廓絕非指簡(jiǎn)單的物體的外框,要內(nèi)外兼顧方可畫(huà)準(zhǔn)。
輪廓就是形狀,畫(huà)畫(huà)的第一步是畫(huà)形狀。形狀圖對(duì)了,就順利了。越畫(huà)越難受。勾勒輪廓的暗部可以簡(jiǎn)單處理,勾勒輪廓的同時(shí)可以詳細(xì)畫(huà)明面。由于形狀的透視變化,尤其是輪廓,一分鐘寬度等于幾英寸寬度,因?yàn)檫吘壥橇Ⅲw形狀。當(dāng)一個(gè)同樣寬度的面轉(zhuǎn)向后方時(shí),面的長(zhǎng)度會(huì)越來(lái)越窄,直至消失。
如果外輪廓和內(nèi)輪廓的基本比例和位置不正確,包含所有細(xì)節(jié)的形狀也會(huì)是錯(cuò)誤的。所以大綱的確定要嚴(yán)格、嚴(yán)格、細(xì)致。 嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)謹(jǐn)慎不是要求你謹(jǐn)小慎微,而是要求你膽大心細(xì)。只有大膽細(xì)致的書(shū)寫(xiě),勾勒出輪廓,才能知道這幅畫(huà)的對(duì)錯(cuò)。我們要敢于肯定,也要敢于否定和糾正錯(cuò)誤。
要想畫(huà)出正確的輪廓,必須對(duì)物體的形象有正確的認(rèn)識(shí)和觀察。觀察輪廓也是專業(yè)訓(xùn)練不可缺少的階段。一種不仔細(xì)觀察研究對(duì)象,就無(wú)法在反復(fù)修正的過(guò)程中提高識(shí)別能力,也無(wú)法培養(yǎng)敏銳的視力,理解簡(jiǎn)單形式的復(fù)雜性。
進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)可以觀看視頻講解,可鞏固一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d
排線
排線是素描最基本的語(yǔ)言元素,在素描中豐富的色調(diào)變化是經(jīng)過(guò)許多次的線條疊加而形成的,這其中線條的走向與角度尤其需要注意。畫(huà)好素描排線就要有一個(gè)正確的握筆姿勢(shì)。
正確的握筆姿勢(shì),可以分為兩種:持棒式和握筆式
持棒式:
用拇指、食指和中指,三指拿筆與手掌下,如上圖,中指起到輔助作用。用拇指左右擺動(dòng),在畫(huà)面形成規(guī)則的接近平行的一排線。在用持棒式方法的時(shí)候,筆和畫(huà)面大約在35度角左右就差不多,手和手腕不要接觸畫(huà)面,如果難掌握,可以用小指做支撐點(diǎn),也可以用手腕自然的上下畫(huà)出線條。
握筆式:
這種方法就是平時(shí)的寫(xiě)字姿勢(shì),如上圖,這種的握筆方法可以用在面積小的暗面,或者在單體塑造的時(shí)候,這種方法用的很多,不像持棒式是在面積大,握筆式很容易掌握,就像寫(xiě)字一樣畫(huà)線條。
若干組排線最好不要沿同一方向展開(kāi),因?yàn)檠赝环较蚧蛉狈Ψ较蜃兓氖中?夾直角)都將導(dǎo)致畫(huà)面出現(xiàn)板滯和類似平涂的光賦效果。
用一組組的線排開(kāi),顏色深淺不同,表現(xiàn)出明暗關(guān)系。當(dāng)我們畫(huà)蘋果時(shí),在背光處鋪出一組調(diào)子,就是畫(huà)的暗面。
線只是用來(lái)表現(xiàn)明暗變化,以此來(lái)塑造物體體積,表現(xiàn)空間的一種手段。無(wú)論怎么排線,只要畫(huà)出效果就可以,不拘泥于各種形式。各種線的畫(huà)法會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的效果,所以在畫(huà)不同的畫(huà)時(shí)我們可以用不同的排線方法。
蘋果的畫(huà)法視頻已經(jīng)講了很多,感興趣可以看看https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d
控制明暗的逐漸變化以創(chuàng)造實(shí)體形式的錯(cuò)覺(jué)效果,使物體有三度空間的特質(zhì)。在深面與灰面上先鋪上一片均勻的線條,使受光面暫時(shí)空出,這樣就是用大塊大面來(lái)表現(xiàn)物體,然后將各個(gè)塊面中細(xì)部,也同樣依照受光、側(cè)光、遮光分成小塊、小面來(lái)處理。還要注意小塊、小面的明暗,使它們服從大面的統(tǒng)一調(diào)子,而大面又必須服從于整體。https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d這個(gè)視頻講的是五種線條的畫(huà)法,實(shí)踐與理論相結(jié)合。
深度學(xué)習(xí)
速寫(xiě)
速寫(xiě)一般不拘泥于局部的形似,而常以形寫(xiě)神,表達(dá)方式簡(jiǎn)練,對(duì)專業(yè)創(chuàng)作、設(shè)計(jì)草圖和快速表現(xiàn)都有積極的意義。速寫(xiě)的高度提煉與時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)、較深入地練習(xí)是相輔相成互相促進(jìn)的,速寫(xiě)畫(huà)得多,在復(fù)雜的素描寫(xiě)生開(kāi)始階段也會(huì)更快地把握構(gòu)圖和造型。
以素描作畫(huà)相對(duì)的時(shí)間為依據(jù),短至數(shù)分鐘長(zhǎng)則半小時(shí)左右都可算是速寫(xiě),因速寫(xiě)的基本特征是簡(jiǎn)練而快速地寫(xiě)生,因此是畫(huà)者的第一印象。
對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)理解的深入扎實(shí)的素描基本功,在速寫(xiě)中也會(huì)體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。經(jīng)常大量的速寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練,可以最有效地培養(yǎng)敏銳的觀察力和藝術(shù)的概括能力,以及提高快速高效的表現(xiàn)技能。
速寫(xiě)是一種非常便捷的素描方式,其常見(jiàn)題材有風(fēng)景速寫(xiě)、人物速寫(xiě)、動(dòng)物速寫(xiě)等。
構(gòu)圖
構(gòu)圖的重要性,大家都知道,單個(gè)動(dòng)作的構(gòu)圖比較簡(jiǎn)單,原則上寧上勿下。動(dòng)作朝左,構(gòu)圖偏右即可。雙人組合要注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的主次對(duì)比和相互諧調(diào),首先比例要一致,站立的動(dòng)作和坐著的動(dòng)作一樣高是不行的。場(chǎng)景組合難度較大,透視是最需要注意的,前大后小的原理一定牢記。
人物
人體軀干在衣服的包裹下,無(wú)論是厚衣服還是薄衣服,都是緊貼人體的軀干形體。
從衣領(lǐng)開(kāi)始描繪,形體外輪廓與運(yùn)動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的褶皺相結(jié)合刻畫(huà)。注意海條線條的粗細(xì)、深淺、長(zhǎng)短變化。
緊接上一步,調(diào)整畫(huà)面的素描關(guān)系,可以上一些調(diào)子來(lái)拉開(kāi)畫(huà)面的關(guān)系,注意調(diào)子的輕重。
注意構(gòu)圖,比例,動(dòng)態(tài)塊的側(cè)鋒勾畫(huà)出對(duì)象的大體形塊。起形要概括,快速,不要在意那么多細(xì)節(jié)。
可以先把頭部深入出來(lái),然后再推出全身。但是要注意五官要畫(huà)得精致準(zhǔn)確,做到一氣呵成,不然容易影響后面。
較常用的步驟:五官虛帶,定出位置和大小,快速把整個(gè)人物畫(huà)出,抓住大的框架形狀和此較明顯的穿插關(guān)系。先深入五官,手腳與其他最后深入。優(yōu)點(diǎn):即使畫(huà)面隨時(shí)停下也可以保持畫(huà)面完整。不會(huì)有沒(méi)有畫(huà)完的感覺(jué)。難點(diǎn):要整體觀察把握,對(duì)于穿插比較理解。
坐姿一般選在正側(cè)和四分之三角度比較容易表現(xiàn),要注意人物的整體動(dòng)態(tài)走勢(shì)與整個(gè)人的比例關(guān)系,不要把上短和把腿畫(huà)的過(guò)長(zhǎng)。
快速勾出整個(gè)人的框架形(如頭、胸腔、胯部、四肢,手腳)要肯定整體,可以略帶穿插關(guān)系,不需要畫(huà)多。時(shí)刻整體地去觀察,不能陷入局部。
完善細(xì)節(jié):畫(huà)出頭手腳具體形象,并增加灰層次,同時(shí)調(diào)整衣紋關(guān)系,加入裁剪線等裝飾。
深入畫(huà)面:用側(cè)鋒帶出灰面,增加胸腔,盆腔,四肢的體積感。調(diào)整畫(huà)面主次關(guān)系,注意前后胳膊,腿的強(qiáng)弱關(guān)系。
默寫(xiě)
默寫(xiě)是脫離了寫(xiě)生對(duì)象,完全憑著自己的記憶和理解來(lái)把握畫(huà)面的,在素描的學(xué)習(xí)中適當(dāng)?shù)嘏浜夏瑢?xiě)訓(xùn)練,有助于增強(qiáng)視覺(jué)形象的記憶能力,同時(shí)又可以訓(xùn)練對(duì)畫(huà)面圖形的創(chuàng)造性思維和表現(xiàn)能力,有利于加深寫(xiě)生中對(duì)素描知識(shí)的理解。其實(shí)默寫(xiě)和速寫(xiě)也有著密切的關(guān)系,在速寫(xiě)中不可能看一眼畫(huà)一筆,很多是靠對(duì)寫(xiě)生對(duì)象的理解和記憶來(lái)完成的。
掌握頭部解剖
在沒(méi)有模特或具體的作畫(huà)對(duì)象時(shí),畫(huà)者只能通過(guò)記憶或平時(shí)頭像寫(xiě)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)完成對(duì)頭像的默寫(xiě)。內(nèi)外部形體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力,以及對(duì)素描技法的合理運(yùn)用和表現(xiàn)能力。在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中要著重理解頭部骨骼的構(gòu)造、熟悉頭骨各部位的名稱及正確位置,做到?jīng)]有參照對(duì)象也熊熟練正確地畫(huà)出頭部各部位的位實(shí)及解剖關(guān)系。
頭像寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練
平時(shí)要積累大量的人物頭像寫(xiě)生的作畫(huà)經(jīng)驗(yàn),在人物頭像寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練中,要有針對(duì)性地選擇寫(xiě)生對(duì)象。如選擇考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的男青年或女青年模特進(jìn)行寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練,也適當(dāng)選擇一些老年模特寫(xiě)生,有備無(wú)患。
臨摹加強(qiáng)記憶
臨摹是學(xué)習(xí)頭像寫(xiě)生的最好辦法,也是提高素描頭像造型能力的有效途徑之一。通過(guò)臨摹,學(xué)習(xí)他人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技法,真切地體會(huì)畫(huà)者的感受和意圖,領(lǐng)會(huì)作品的精神所在。這樣既節(jié)省時(shí)間又事半功倍。臨摹還能提高眼睛的準(zhǔn)確觀察力及眼與手的配合能力。
靜物作畫(huà)技巧
素描所表達(dá)的是形體與空間不外乎黑、白、灰三字,一幅素描起碼應(yīng)該具備三個(gè)方面的成功:一是形體結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確,二是黑、白、灰大層次分明,三是中心焦點(diǎn)突出。
中心焦點(diǎn)是有視覺(jué)習(xí)慣形成的,所謂焦點(diǎn),在客觀上應(yīng)該是在結(jié)構(gòu)中最有特征、又最能展示形體與空間部位的。常位于畫(huà)幅前景接近中心的部位,是中心也是重心。畫(huà)素描就應(yīng)有點(diǎn)偏心,如果平均用力不僅破壞了整體感,也違背了視覺(jué)的真實(shí)。
輪廓線(包括一些局部輪廓線)只是物體的某些面在轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)被縮小了形象,用輪廓線來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)世界不應(yīng)是初習(xí)素描者的課題,而先要學(xué)習(xí)用立體的觀念來(lái)研究世界。
這條線的表現(xiàn)力是不容忽視的,因?yàn)槲矬w表面有豐富的起伏向縱深轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)又與空間組成各種關(guān)系,它時(shí)濃時(shí)淡,寬窄虛實(shí),變化無(wú)窮,不單單只是一條“線”。
第一是結(jié)構(gòu),第二才是光,黑白則是它的附屬物。大家要學(xué)會(huì)借助黑白來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)形體結(jié)構(gòu),但有時(shí)黑白也會(huì)歪曲形體結(jié)構(gòu)的原來(lái)面貌。
畫(huà)素描就是找區(qū)別,大區(qū)別就是“大關(guān)系”,凡是大關(guān)系都具有整體性的分量,它容納并制約著所有局部,因而它是最重要的。小區(qū)別就是“小關(guān)系”,就是指處于同一色調(diào)中的輕微差異。相對(duì)于整體來(lái)說(shuō),它們只能被稱之為“局部”。它們以一定的比例或?qū)哟侮P(guān)系組織起來(lái)并充實(shí)著整體。
沒(méi)有局部,“整體”便是空的,而如果沒(méi)有整體的制約,“局部”就成為散亂無(wú)序,所以它們是相輔相成辨證統(tǒng)一的。
結(jié)構(gòu)的透視變形色調(diào)的黑白相稱,對(duì)邊線的虛實(shí)處理,三者共同擔(dān)負(fù)著表現(xiàn)空間與體積的任務(wù)。
線和線條技法
素描的要素是線,但是線在實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是不存在的,它只代表物體、顏色和平面的邊界,用來(lái)作為物體的幻覺(jué)表現(xiàn)。直到近代,線才被人們認(rèn)為是形式的自發(fā)要素,并且獨(dú)立于被描繪的物體之外。用線條來(lái)組成物體的形象,并且描繪于平面之上,藉由線條形式引起觀者的聯(lián)想。
例如兩條線相交所構(gòu)成的角形,可以被認(rèn)為是某平面的邊界;另外加上第三條線可以在畫(huà)面上造成立體感。弧形的線條可以象征拱頂,交會(huì)聚集的線條可表現(xiàn)深度。人們可以從線條的變化當(dāng)中,得到可以領(lǐng)會(huì)的形象。
用線條區(qū)分立體與平面,至于色彩明暗是為了加強(qiáng)和厘清整體與部分的關(guān)系。運(yùn)用線條的開(kāi)始,消失和中斷來(lái)畫(huà)出邊界,并且形成平面,也可使色彩至邊界而上。
線條的粗細(xì)能表現(xiàn)物體的變化,甚至光和影也可用線條的筆觸變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái),還需要平面技法的輔助。平面技法在使用炭粉筆時(shí),在明暗對(duì)照上可用擦筆法。素描也可用多色畫(huà)筆作為基本材料,用來(lái)加強(qiáng)素描效果以及素描的藝術(shù)性。
素描的要素是線,但是線在實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是不存在的,它只代表物體、顏色和平面的邊界,用來(lái)作為物體的幻覺(jué)表現(xiàn)。直到近代,線才被人們認(rèn)為是形式的自發(fā)要素,并且獨(dú)立于被描繪的物體之外。
透過(guò)線條手段,單純的輪廓勾勒可以發(fā)展成精致的素描,這個(gè)視頻講的比較清楚https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2187580955371434233
用線條來(lái)組成物體的形象
兩條線相交所構(gòu)成的角形,可以被認(rèn)為是某平面的邊界;另外加上第三條線可以在畫(huà)面上造成立體感。弧形的線條可以象征拱頂,交會(huì)聚集的線條可表現(xiàn)深度。透過(guò)線條的手段,單純的輪廓勾勒可以發(fā)展成精致的素描。
用線條區(qū)分立體與平面
在素描中可以用線條區(qū)分立體與平面,至于色彩明暗是為了加強(qiáng)和分清整體與部分的關(guān)系。運(yùn)用線條的開(kāi)始,消失和中斷來(lái)畫(huà)出邊界,并且形成平面,也可使色彩至邊界而上。線條的粗細(xì)能表現(xiàn)物體的變化,甚至光和影也可用線條的筆觸變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
平面技法的輔助
素描的線條技法還需要平面技法的輔助。平面技法在使用炭粉筆時(shí),在明暗對(duì)照上可用擦筆法。
毛筆畫(huà)法的使用
更重要的是使用毛筆畫(huà)法,因?yàn)槊P能發(fā)揮筆觸的寬度和筆調(diào)的強(qiáng)度并且能增加空間感和立體感。
藝術(shù)性的加強(qiáng)
素描也可用多色畫(huà)筆作為基本材料,用來(lái)加強(qiáng)素描效果以及素描的藝術(shù)性。
明暗
明暗交界線是素描中灰面與暗面的交界,雖然名字是明暗交界“線”,但是它是由“面”組成的,由于光線以及靜物本身形體的變化,明暗交界線也會(huì)有非常豐富的變化。
有一些靜物因?yàn)樾误w會(huì)有很多明暗交界線,所以我們找到這些明暗交界線之后統(tǒng)一暗部,然后這些明暗交界線的色調(diào)也要做一個(gè)區(qū)分,靠近光源的顏色稍微要亮一些。
結(jié)合視頻講解可以明白明暗的運(yùn)用手法https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d
推薦書(shū)籍
《素描風(fēng)暴》
《素描的訣竅》
《像藝術(shù)家一樣思考》
《伯里曼人體結(jié)構(gòu)繪畫(huà)教學(xué)》
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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4QSdICi8oW0qyxakA3c9bP0nTz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VOmAdMeyqoSaUOxCiDPcmvhnnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭筆的用法和鉛筆相似,炭筆的色澤深黑,有較強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)能力,是畫(huà)素描的理想工具,用于畫(huà)人物肖像尤佳,但畫(huà)重了很難擦掉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8ASdGOKCogUCCxmuNkcw2awndf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炭筆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/641a107db1b7493f8a8ea6411599d6f0","width":727},"text":"","id":"IsU2do068oMwysxSG7ecTnVxn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推薦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J8yGdOMMQouWEaxWycFc3URVn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、馬利、MARCO/馬可、庫(kù)爾貝、高爾樂(lè)、中華、奧文、得韻Derwent、老人頭、盧浮宮、德福龍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G88SdCG82oYqIIxgrdMcFUmsnXd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭條","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tm8QdGwQCoqIMsxgFORc8hounbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭條是用樹(shù)枝燒制而成,色澤較黑,質(zhì)地松散,附著力較差,畫(huà)完成后需噴固定液,否則極易掉色破壞效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKIIdY08coG6MgxWemVcQFzlnTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭條","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d7fdf32c58c46ecb37b6e3c20f88f4d","width":456},"text":"","id":"R0kGdEg8SoGsYUx6j44cXVVJnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推薦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DweEdcCCao82cQxeA8ycDrcunoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"米婭(MIYA)、馬利(Marie's)、蒙瑪特(Mont Marte)、青竹畫(huà)材(CHINJOO)、尼奧尼(NYONI)、海特(Hite)、高爾樂(lè)(Kuelox)、衛(wèi)莊、老人頭(lotory)、睿識(shí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BeYsd44eYoqm2ixCWLkckt7Hnjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FsCWdWWE8oceKCxa2VWc8GFCnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒常見(jiàn)的有黑色和赭石色兩種,質(zhì)地較木炭條硬,附著力較強(qiáng),可用可不用固定液。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VScSd4CCuoQaIkxPWdpcnF3xngv"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":519,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81e4dee2b832418a99181eb371627150","width":493},"text":"","id":"S864dSwMWoWiiwxGULncMzBEnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推薦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIa6dU0o2o0W2AxEnhscQYSbn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海特索斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pcq2dC0C2o4Y8IxqKoacHPHAnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"紙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOIudGsuqoUMmSxMlYqcQJg2nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)素描通常在專用的素描紙上進(jìn)行,選用素描紙時(shí)要注意紙質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí)、平整、耐磨、紋理細(xì)膩、不毛不皺、易于修改,如素描紙、鉛畫(huà)紙。太粗、太薄、太光滑的紙都不適合鉛筆畫(huà)素描。初學(xué)者使用的紙張大小以8開(kāi)或4開(kāi)為宜,16開(kāi)大小的銅版紙和復(fù)印紙,則適合用鋼筆、圓珠筆畫(huà)素描。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AaIedcMCEoyGcexYdKPcBjkinMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"紙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ccf7d528d4bd42beb84a5965c5feb010","width":756},"text":"","id":"HigAdcwK2oSKkix6OhVcFAsMn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描紙的表面有明顯的紋理,這樣鉛筆上色才會(huì)比較容易,另外,背面的紋理也不一樣,背面的紋理要比正面紋理弱,所以應(yīng)該在紙張的正面繪畫(huà)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6eKdI80GoymiyxmwuEcXO5BnYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔助工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BEGqd4megoGeiox6Z9Kci82UnWd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKoKdQgokoI8muxu4tGcezJZnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用來(lái)放置素描紙的架子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwkSdySC0oQm6CxWC6Ccf2BnnFg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":494,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d85b5dbb4254ef8af76dede4231f9fc","width":527},"text":"","id":"NO8idemqWoAYqUxfZnWcSPHMnd2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)夾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKwCduUqioMGuAxq86gc2sZTnxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"寬邊的大鐵夾可用在畫(huà)板上固定紙張。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIw8dUgUiogKeQxwl0tcsb5tnNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)夾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0bb0f0ddfbb344278ed65163df9dd01a","width":431},"text":"","id":"Jmq4dWsYeoEWEcxKm1ac48fAn4b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"膠帶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0qsdUUa0ogwsIx4N5gclbMgnmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"膠帶也是不錯(cuò)的固定紙張的工具,因?yàn)槟z帶寬度均勻,畫(huà)完后將膠帶去除會(huì)留下一條好看的白邊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYOYdy2aGoysC2xGSj0cL3TDnub"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"膠帶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb357025113a4375924bb9e6979e4c18","width":640},"text":"","id":"RogqdQuaOo8CeCxoTzxc32W3nyd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"寬筆刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pi8SdKOSYomEEyxi8wZcY5dznyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用起來(lái)超級(jí)方便的清掃工具,畫(huà)面上的橡皮屑較多的時(shí)候,用它清除就不會(huì)弄花畫(huà)了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYe2deOe4oW2ICxk5KPcDzaEnFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":177,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寬筆刷","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7a343ba1aab742878eb9684316df400b","width":422},"text":"","id":"CaY2dSW4ioO44ixOuo3cS4j6n3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鉛筆延長(zhǎng)器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NmcMdYU4eo4QaMxKgkCc9uJrnIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鉛筆用短了之后都會(huì)很苦惱,用的時(shí)候不方便,扔了又覺(jué)得可惜。將筆的一頭放入延長(zhǎng)器中,畫(huà)筆瞬間就變長(zhǎng)了。是非常不錯(cuò)的節(jié)省工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IsuAdkySEoU4kWx4ALQcdzTgnbe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":558,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鉛筆延長(zhǎng)器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e668854a356145fcb36d982e0b1c64f0","width":580},"text":"","id":"VooUd0oiMo88Yux2frpcLqPbnUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"繪畫(huà)常識(shí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TY26dSsayoC8O4x4LmWcOcJAnwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要學(xué)素描,必須要了解一些知識(shí),具體的如下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"幾個(gè)方面","id":""},{"type":"text","text":":","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RyYmdaSGIogUAIx0KdLcW3ljnvc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一點(diǎn)透視","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GyCmdomq6oo4iYxiMrkcZrAznah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最常用到的就是一點(diǎn)透視,因?yàn)橐稽c(diǎn)透視只有一個(gè)消失點(diǎn)(滅點(diǎn))所以也叫:平行透視。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig8Cdu88KoYImexyYAJc4ASYnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡大小相等的物體愈遠(yuǎn),其形愈小,以至于最后消失于一點(diǎn),這點(diǎn)稱為消失點(diǎn)。根據(jù)消失點(diǎn)的不同位置,能觀察到的面也不同。當(dāng)消失點(diǎn)在物體外側(cè)時(shí),可看到2個(gè)面,在物體上方時(shí)能看到3個(gè)面,在物體內(nèi)側(cè)時(shí)只能看到一個(gè),如果物體正面是空的,則看到的是物體的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8OOd68CKo4S8Kxes2dcjLtXn0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":243,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一點(diǎn)透視","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/534d60fa2622446f9aeff055be782965","width":640},"text":"","id":"JgwAdMcEQosG8axMNEGcXvSpn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不論畫(huà)什么物體都可以歸納、概括在一個(gè)立方體或者多個(gè)立方體中,只要有一個(gè)面是與畫(huà)面平行的,就可以利用一點(diǎn)透視(平行透視)來(lái)作畫(huà)。一點(diǎn)透視合適畫(huà)小的物體,透視變化不大,但是畫(huà)的時(shí)候一定要體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiUgdy0W0o08g8xUDnVc3uAxnGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":322,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一點(diǎn)透視","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinp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素描畫(huà)好后要對(duì)描繪的物體進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌和完善加工。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MaiqdQuiYoeUskxYHufcdbZTnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"這個(gè)視頻講的是受光的技巧,比較淺顯易懂","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",有助于進(jìn)一步理解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0AYdaEMyoWMYkxKg47c0EGfnKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqkCdc2Eeom44ux8ffacUnfLnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖是每一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)繪畫(huà)的人所必須要掌握的一項(xiàng)基本能力,從美得感受出發(fā),讓觀賞者感受到美、舒服。各部份的一種配置法,依照經(jīng)過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)的格式,一致的比例,或重復(fù)的體系去安排。一般情況下在繪畫(huà)中構(gòu)圖講究天小地大、左右均衡;各物體大小適中,整體完整,不可過(guò)小,亦不可過(guò)大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4gWdaAAsooCycxwhyXcKwO0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五種方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWuodeo6Co2eGUxigRGczcwYnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、三角形構(gòu)圖,素描靜物中最常用到的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGcYdUiG2oyk0wx0wHKcKUtzn79"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da8755248073498d802aabfbd9118368","width":596},"text":"","id":"NMoOdQSWwooQoAxcZ1UcnHninnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角形構(gòu)圖是最常見(jiàn)的和最穩(wěn)定的構(gòu)圖形式,靜物分成三組放在三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)上。此類構(gòu)圖畫(huà)面穩(wěn)定、主體突出、層次明確、錯(cuò)落有致,適合靜物數(shù)量較少的組合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGcId2OAwoYu8qxsp9ecygdmnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角形的三條邊是由不同方向的直線合攏而成,而不同的線條組成不同形式的三角形,產(chǎn)生不同的趨勢(shì)和變化。如果你坐在靜物正面中間位置,可能會(huì)更多采用三角形構(gòu)圖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQCAdyw6Uo0WAuxi08dcR5Lwnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、C形構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KCgqdQUEKowoG6xkZDjcP5nLnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0eYdgiQKoYcC0xafb3cJm96ney"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":646,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0765a7ae85074d22b530801ccd23b551","width":498},"text":"","id":"U00CdcikSoMKy2xGqgFcCVEmnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I24qdCkQyogIOoxhQdLcsTuynop"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“C”形構(gòu)圖,畫(huà)面動(dòng)感程度優(yōu)于其他形式的構(gòu)圖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKMCdcKwAo2Uy0xoPiuc2wN9nvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種構(gòu)圖方式使畫(huà)面具有流動(dòng)性,更容易表現(xiàn)較大空問(wèn)的靜物組合。“C”形有三個(gè)點(diǎn),主體物往往在中間點(diǎn)的位置.前面的點(diǎn)往往是第一次要物體的擺放位置,最后面的點(diǎn)幫助你加強(qiáng)畫(huà)而空間層次的推移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6CadiM2aoQ0KuxgtEbcwLsqnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、S形構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GeImd4uKAoIckux6FyuclZQnnvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":638,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c229460650924a0297ff014fa37a1698","width":499},"text":"","id":"NqO8dsOmAowmgoxegsbcfxP1nxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\"S”具有曲線的優(yōu)點(diǎn),優(yōu)美而富有活力和韻味,所以“S“形構(gòu)圖給人一種美的享受,而且畫(huà)面顯得生動(dòng)、活潑。讀者的視線隨著\"S”形向縱深移動(dòng),可有力地表現(xiàn)其場(chǎng)景的空間感和深度感。在 \"S”形構(gòu)圖中,通常會(huì)縮短 \"S”的上部,拉長(zhǎng) \"S”的下部,以形成“上緊下松”的構(gòu)圖關(guān)系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUkadCasGoOs8axIhteci8eAnce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圓形構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmuudOkMAoIO6Yxq1RDcDC6An7R"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":420,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e787b0068cbf4d84865766f0c6ffe8ac","width":600},"text":"","id":"P0iIdMCWkoe66GxyCItcmCc1nNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圓形構(gòu)圖就是讓靜物在畫(huà)面中圍成一個(gè)圓圈。圓形構(gòu)圖在視覺(jué)上給人以旋轉(zhuǎn)、運(yùn)動(dòng)和收縮的審美效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4QQdy2u4oSCioxEXlycSSBunMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)圓形被拉長(zhǎng)時(shí),就會(huì)變成橢圓形。橢圓形構(gòu)圖大都采用寬大于高的橫幅形式,它不僅有靜態(tài)效果,也會(huì)產(chǎn)生動(dòng)態(tài)效果,同時(shí)還具有較為明顯的整體感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyWedCQ4moOmGOxQnZ9cGXA4nPz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、水平式構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZOsId8k2mosOwwxekVacO4wvnS2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":435,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c3e9cde1aecb4069a9475f1d123e6be4","width":595},"text":"","id":"Cc6cdkq4QoEs0CxQh98cIsI1noe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水平式構(gòu)圖的物體不能放在畫(huà)面正中,應(yīng)當(dāng)處于一個(gè)偏上或者偏下的位置。水平式構(gòu)圖縱向上的空間層次較少,為了讓畫(huà)面豐富,各個(gè)物體要在形狀、大小、高矮顏色等因素上形成對(duì)比,使畫(huà)面安定、平和,可以增強(qiáng)畫(huà)面的穩(wěn)定感。同時(shí)還要安排好位置,形成前后的空間層次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M664dyokgogOQAxcbMbcuf1on7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"文字講解不能很直觀地展現(xiàn),可配合","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"視頻講解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",進(jìn)一步理解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"怎么構(gòu)圖","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOSKdA6YgoAWeqx0u9zcj6P6nvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輪廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMOdAue6o0ao4x2ZYPcTgufnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描輪廓線是指物體外部和內(nèi)部形狀對(duì)線條,描述前進(jìn)或后退的形狀之變化方面的一條斷續(xù)線或連續(xù)線。也指物體對(duì)形,沒(méi)有輪廓線就沒(méi)有\(zhòng)"形” 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaMMdWaQOoaWUmxY1m8cjrwlngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般來(lái)說(shuō)輪廓包括外輪廓和內(nèi)輪廓,兩者相互依存,就是說(shuō)外輪廓畫(huà)錯(cuò)了,內(nèi)輪廓也必然跟著錯(cuò),內(nèi)輪廓錯(cuò)了也會(huì)影響外輪廓的準(zhǔn)確。在實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題是容易把二者分開(kāi)來(lái)觀察,分開(kāi)來(lái)畫(huà),分開(kāi)來(lái)檢查,必須兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)觀察并結(jié)合起來(lái)畫(huà)才對(duì)。要知道輪廓絕非指簡(jiǎn)單的物體的外框,要內(nèi)外兼顧方可畫(huà)準(zhǔn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiGwdiwsEocCqixkTHKchaNZnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"輪廓就是形狀,畫(huà)畫(huà)的第一步是畫(huà)形狀。形狀圖對(duì)了,就順利了。越畫(huà)越難受。勾勒輪廓的暗部可以簡(jiǎn)單處理,勾勒輪廓的同時(shí)可以詳細(xì)畫(huà)明面。由于形狀的透視變化,尤其是輪廓,一分鐘寬度等于幾英寸寬度,因?yàn)檫吘壥橇Ⅲw形狀。當(dāng)一個(gè)同樣寬度的面轉(zhuǎn)向后方時(shí),面的長(zhǎng)度會(huì)越來(lái)越窄,直至消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyyEd6wumoosE6x2b2Yca6finDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果外輪廓和內(nèi)輪廓的基本比例和位置不正確,包含所有細(xì)節(jié)的形狀也會(huì)是錯(cuò)誤的。所以大綱的確定要嚴(yán)格、嚴(yán)格、細(xì)致。 嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)謹(jǐn)慎不是要求你謹(jǐn)小慎微,而是要求你膽大心細(xì)。只有大膽細(xì)致的書(shū)寫(xiě),勾勒出輪廓,才能知道這幅畫(huà)的對(duì)錯(cuò)。我們要敢于肯定,也要敢于否定和糾正錯(cuò)誤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuGYdkcE0oEeasxSGDHcdlyinPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要想畫(huà)出正確的輪廓,必須對(duì)物體的形象有正確的認(rèn)識(shí)和觀察。觀察輪廓也是專業(yè)訓(xùn)練不可缺少的階段。一種不仔細(xì)觀察研究對(duì)象,就無(wú)法在反復(fù)修正的過(guò)程中提高識(shí)別能力,也無(wú)法培養(yǎng)敏銳的視力,理解簡(jiǎn)單形式的復(fù)雜性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQqWdIUgyocQqAx2igIc4QRMnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)可以觀看視頻講解,可鞏固一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0oEduSUSo2sGcxUcuncdjYGncb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排線","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEqOdgooKo4aMixIxtHctn6fnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排線是素描最基本的語(yǔ)言元素,在素描中豐富的色調(diào)變化是經(jīng)過(guò)許多次的線條疊加而形成的,這其中線條的走向與角度尤其需要注意。畫(huà)好素描排線就要有一個(gè)正確的握筆姿勢(shì)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QksEdiSaOoa48sxi4kncZNOnn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正確的握筆姿勢(shì),可以分為兩種:持棒式和握筆式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BICGdSS0MoayEExgpYocXhRGn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"持棒式:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2ysd4oyGo0gmwxw1d6cgTcEnHd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":325,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6c0fe1ad2db940e7aec72163cfdd2401","width":485},"text":"","id":"AMUgdy2GcoEmAcxSkW5cZ3t9nHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用拇指、食指和中指,三指拿筆與手掌下,如上圖,中指起到輔助作用。用拇指左右擺動(dòng),在畫(huà)面形成規(guī)則的接近平行的一排線。在用持棒式方法的時(shí)候,筆和畫(huà)面大約在35度角左右就差不多,手和手腕不要接觸畫(huà)面,如果難掌握,可以用小指做支撐點(diǎn),也可以用手腕自然的上下畫(huà)出線條。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKUOdU0uSosoC4x3ZvrcmVuXnL9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握筆式:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VoMYd0WAEo6u4ixELITcLwZCn9b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":326,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1be5b21913b44a49bae80a68c1f26554","width":481},"text":"","id":"AiCmdeWeOou8m0xu22KcoLr2nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種方法就是平時(shí)的寫(xiě)字姿勢(shì),如上圖,這種的握筆方法可以用在面積小的暗面,或者在單體塑造的時(shí)候,這種方法用的很多,不像持棒式是在面積大,握筆式很容易掌握,就像寫(xiě)字一樣畫(huà)線條。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ba4gd8KasowcckxWSCkcrLpJnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若干組排線最好不要沿同一方向展開(kāi),因?yàn)檠赝环较蚧蛉狈Ψ较蜃兓氖中?夾直角)都將導(dǎo)致畫(huà)面出現(xiàn)板滯和類似平涂的光賦效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RscId2q0moEwyCxA9mccFrionNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":335,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e530a6c2b744738b6585cefe64a1e24","width":364},"text":"","id":"HMsydweK8oiqimx6SBScDmhgnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用一組組的線排開(kāi),顏色深淺不同,表現(xiàn)出明暗關(guān)系。當(dāng)我們畫(huà)蘋果時(shí),在背光處鋪出一組調(diào)子,就是畫(huà)的暗面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McUyd0EGYo2aSgx0IB3ccrTrnlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ee00dcf85144506ab19680670f87cf4","width":358},"text":"","id":"OweIdgI0qoQA8Cx6GXgc6U0VnNx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"線只是用來(lái)表現(xiàn)明暗變化,以此來(lái)塑造物體體積,表現(xiàn)空間的一種手段。無(wú)論怎么排線,只要畫(huà)出效果就可以,不拘泥于各種形式。各種線的畫(huà)法會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的效果,所以在畫(huà)不同的畫(huà)時(shí)我們可以用不同的排線方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HU8Id2464oYKAExEl2ocSiMtnPh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":335,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/63f1f95577394afd9378cc06a928581e","width":364},"text":"","id":"RuiSd28g8o28QgxfHOUcDiSEnvX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果的畫(huà)法視頻已經(jīng)講了很多,感興趣可以看看","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOEYdYwweoo4gexy40fcvhUanre"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":722,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27d6041e9b674601a2885febb822787c","width":607},"text":"","id":"Bq2gdsqS8oE8iYxMJqZcBks4nCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"控制明暗的逐漸變化以創(chuàng)造實(shí)體形式的錯(cuò)覺(jué)效果,使物體有三度空間的特質(zhì)。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在深面與灰面上先鋪上一片均勻的線條,使受光面暫時(shí)空出,這樣就是用大塊大面來(lái)表現(xiàn)物體,然后將各個(gè)塊面中細(xì)部,也同樣依照受光、側(cè)光、遮光分成小塊、小面來(lái)處理。還要注意小塊、小面的明暗,使它們服從大面的統(tǒng)一調(diào)子,而大面又必須服從于整體。","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"這個(gè)視頻講的是五種線條的畫(huà)法,實(shí)踐與理論相結(jié)合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZeI8dC4OwoM6AGx0QITcXwPMnje"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"深度學(xué)習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NAIgdM0A4oUeIyx6u7WcDWUqnBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"速寫(xiě)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQ8SdGeaqoOasIxUP3XcaC7BnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"速寫(xiě)一般不拘泥于局部的形似,而常以形寫(xiě)神,表達(dá)方式簡(jiǎn)練,對(duì)專業(yè)創(chuàng)作、設(shè)計(jì)草圖和快速表現(xiàn)都有積極的意義。速寫(xiě)的高度提煉與時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)、較深入地練習(xí)是相輔相成互相促進(jìn)的,速寫(xiě)畫(huà)得多,在復(fù)雜的素描寫(xiě)生開(kāi)始階段也會(huì)更快地把握構(gòu)圖和造型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CCEEdiOyooaCa8xYjEFcK4pMnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以素描作畫(huà)相對(duì)的時(shí)間為依據(jù),短至數(shù)分鐘長(zhǎng)則半小時(shí)左右都可算是速寫(xiě),因速寫(xiě)的基本特征是簡(jiǎn)練而快速地寫(xiě)生,因此是畫(huà)者的第一印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQ6sdKeKCoQ0WwxAFXpc0W3DnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)理解的深入扎實(shí)的素描基本功,在速寫(xiě)中也會(huì)體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。經(jīng)常大量的速寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練,可以最有效地培養(yǎng)敏銳的觀察力和藝術(shù)的概括能力,以及提高快速高效的表現(xiàn)技能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmGqdUMQsogqK0xyqIbc0r3Qnjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"速寫(xiě)是一種非常便捷的素描方式,其常見(jiàn)題材有風(fēng)景速寫(xiě)、人物速寫(xiě)、動(dòng)物速寫(xiě)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fs6gdeCemoA0ggxktB2coZkOnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uqgyd8o2Ioki84xkXqdcDkOsnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖的重要性,大家都知道,單個(gè)動(dòng)作的構(gòu)圖比較簡(jiǎn)單,原則上寧上勿下。動(dòng)作朝左,構(gòu)圖偏右即可。雙人組合要注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的主次對(duì)比和相互諧調(diào),首先比例要一致,站立的動(dòng)作和坐著的動(dòng)作一樣高是不行的。場(chǎng)景組合難度較大,透視是最需要注意的,前大后小的原理一定牢記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NmScdQmyQomwoMxSWuxc3XddnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"人物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F40Ad8AQmoyqqexy8SccGWasnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人體軀干在衣服的包裹下,無(wú)論是厚衣服還是薄衣服,都是緊貼人體的軀干形體。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcOqduksAoGsktxnd8acZeYEnpT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從衣領(lǐng)開(kāi)始描繪,形體外輪廓與運(yùn)動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的褶皺相結(jié)合刻畫(huà)。注意海條線條的粗細(xì)、深淺、長(zhǎng)短變化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LYAidwMakoYue2xs5hucy5ahnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"緊接上一步,調(diào)整畫(huà)面的素描關(guān)系,可以上一些調(diào)子來(lái)拉開(kāi)畫(huà)面的關(guān)系,注意調(diào)子的輕重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V88Yd2OKwoSkUQxoXtUclgUVn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意構(gòu)圖,比例,動(dòng)態(tài)塊的側(cè)鋒勾畫(huà)出對(duì)象的大體形塊。起形要概括,快速,不要在意那么多細(xì)節(jié)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEcKdgI4oo2ckYx2k05c8AhKnuW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以先把頭部深入出來(lái),然后再推出全身。但是要注意五官要畫(huà)得精致準(zhǔn)確,做到一氣呵成,不然容易影響后面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgIydME68o6s8KxEsG5cs6JLnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"較常用的步驟:五官虛帶,定出位置和大小,快速把整個(gè)人物畫(huà)出,抓住大的框架形狀和此較明顯的穿插關(guān)系。先深入五官,手腳與其他最后深入。優(yōu)點(diǎn):即使畫(huà)面隨時(shí)停下也可以保持畫(huà)面完整。不會(huì)有沒(méi)有畫(huà)完的感覺(jué)。難點(diǎn):要整體觀察把握,對(duì)于穿插比較理解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OU46dMaaIo8AcYx849Rclh8Enec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿一般選在正側(cè)和四分之三角度比較容易表現(xiàn),要注意人物的整體動(dòng)態(tài)走勢(shì)與整個(gè)人的比例關(guān)系,不要把上短和把腿畫(huà)的過(guò)長(zhǎng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOwadiEuaoioQgxFq9rck23Knfy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速勾出整個(gè)人的框架形(如頭、胸腔、胯部、四肢,手腳)要肯定整體,可以略帶穿插關(guān)系,不需要畫(huà)多。時(shí)刻整體地去觀察,不能陷入局部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCiCd8gKso4c2QxyIDbc3ghXnag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完善細(xì)節(jié):畫(huà)出頭手腳具體形象,并增加灰層次,同時(shí)調(diào)整衣紋關(guān)系,加入裁剪線等裝飾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeOudA8AUoYmQ0xcv6UcfK25nYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"深入畫(huà)面:用側(cè)鋒帶出灰面,增加胸腔,盆腔,四肢的體積感。調(diào)整畫(huà)面主次關(guān)系,注意前后胳膊,腿的強(qiáng)弱關(guān)系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hie4dGEgyoOsw6xoXK4cYXU4nMc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"默寫(xiě)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMAcd00W4oyWgEx4olVc2aE7nib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默寫(xiě)是脫離了寫(xiě)生對(duì)象,完全憑著自己的記憶和理解來(lái)把握畫(huà)面的,在素描的學(xué)習(xí)中適當(dāng)?shù)嘏浜夏瑢?xiě)訓(xùn)練,有助于增強(qiáng)視覺(jué)形象的記憶能力,同時(shí)又可以訓(xùn)練對(duì)畫(huà)面圖形的創(chuàng)造性思維和表現(xiàn)能力,有利于加深寫(xiě)生中對(duì)素描知識(shí)的理解。其實(shí)默寫(xiě)和速寫(xiě)也有著密切的關(guān)系,在速寫(xiě)中不可能看一眼畫(huà)一筆,很多是靠對(duì)寫(xiě)生對(duì)象的理解和記憶來(lái)完成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I2YsdsEwKo4ECGxkfmocl5wgn2e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 掌握頭部解剖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ayqkde26AoKkgqx4KSfc10hanEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在沒(méi)有模特或具體的作畫(huà)對(duì)象時(shí),畫(huà)者只能通過(guò)記憶或平時(shí)頭像寫(xiě)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)完成對(duì)頭像的默寫(xiě)。內(nèi)外部形體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力,以及對(duì)素描技法的合理運(yùn)用和表現(xiàn)能力。在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中要著重理解頭部骨骼的構(gòu)造、熟悉頭骨各部位的名稱及正確位置,做到?jīng)]有參照對(duì)象也熊熟練正確地畫(huà)出頭部各部位的位實(shí)及解剖關(guān)系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoIsdwq0uoGEmSxqmmlcqe0NnNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"頭像寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6Wydmk4woqeGuxAzsFcn0UcnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平時(shí)要積累大量的人物頭像寫(xiě)生的作畫(huà)經(jīng)驗(yàn),在人物頭像寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練中,要有針對(duì)性地選擇寫(xiě)生對(duì)象。如選擇考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的男青年或女青年模特進(jìn)行寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練,也適當(dāng)選擇一些老年模特寫(xiě)生,有備無(wú)患。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIu0dQoUuoa8wIxoFKKcz910n0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"臨摹加強(qiáng)記憶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zac8d0Aw0o2M0gxmWzkc6sxnnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"臨摹是學(xué)習(xí)頭像寫(xiě)生的最好辦法,也是提高素描頭像造型能力的有效途徑之一。通過(guò)臨摹,學(xué)習(xí)他人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技法,真切地體會(huì)畫(huà)者的感受和意圖,領(lǐng)會(huì)作品的精神所在。這樣既節(jié)省時(shí)間又事半功倍。臨摹還能提高眼睛的準(zhǔn)確觀察力及眼與手的配合能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Humadoem6oq0uWxg3eIc8CKvnNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"靜物作畫(huà)技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2eydGeyooWoimx8tCec2a22n8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描所表達(dá)的是形體與空間不外乎黑、白、灰三字,一幅素描起碼應(yīng)該具備三個(gè)方面的成功:一是形體結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確,二是黑、白、灰大層次分明,三是中心焦點(diǎn)突出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R84od4yemoOsAuxqUcacjcDjnwc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":643,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"靜物作畫(huà)技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9bda6f048e0c46c98c13d46ad0d2a6c3","width":491},"text":"","id":"E4KqdMWocouuKExv1TxcUq6Dnin"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心焦點(diǎn)是有視覺(jué)習(xí)慣形成的,所謂焦點(diǎn),在客觀上應(yīng)該是在結(jié)構(gòu)中最有特征、又最能展示形體與空間部位的。常位于畫(huà)幅前景接近中心的部位,是中心也是重心。畫(huà)素描就應(yīng)有點(diǎn)偏心,如果平均用力不僅破壞了整體感,也違背了視覺(jué)的真實(shí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ym6CdmUmGosmo0xQjQecM348nFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"輪廓線(包括一些局部輪廓線)只是物體的某些面在轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)被縮小了形象,用輪廓線來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)世界不應(yīng)是初習(xí)素描者的課題,而先要學(xué)習(xí)用立體的觀念來(lái)研究世界。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0aSdweoEoCWkKxgdWMcAjOFnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這條線的表現(xiàn)力是不容忽視的,因?yàn)槲矬w表面有豐富的起伏向縱深轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)又與空間組成各種關(guān)系,它時(shí)濃時(shí)淡,寬窄虛實(shí),變化無(wú)窮,不單單只是一條“線”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WI4sd8YQkoe6qMxGyKCcVfKTnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWGkdc8oComOO0xk7X6c1sg7nBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一是結(jié)構(gòu),第二才是光,黑白則是它的附屬物。大家要學(xué)會(huì)借助黑白來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)形體結(jié)構(gòu),但有時(shí)黑白也會(huì)歪曲形體結(jié)構(gòu)的原來(lái)面貌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAswdEe6coMGmaxOYROcNHGEnGe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":719,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"靜物作畫(huà)技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89f7cf4f15e640ed8b41d8b11f1b4581","width":552},"text":"","id":"DYC0diG0qowW4WxQWUDcZqQencx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)素描就是找區(qū)別,大區(qū)別就是“大關(guān)系”,凡是大關(guān)系都具有整體性的分量,它容納并制約著所有局部,因而它是最重要的。小區(qū)別就是“小關(guān)系”,就是指處于同一色調(diào)中的輕微差異。相對(duì)于整體來(lái)說(shuō),它們只能被稱之為“局部”。它們以一定的比例或?qū)哟侮P(guān)系組織起來(lái)并充實(shí)著整體。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J8MEdyYa6oWQgMxyAIDctUlYnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"沒(méi)有局部,“整體”便是空的,而如果沒(méi)有整體的制約,“局部”就成為散亂無(wú)序,所以它們是相輔相成辨證統(tǒng)一的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkgmdmcuWoWSSQxmkVKcUuRUn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)的透視變形色調(diào)的黑白相稱,對(duì)邊線的虛實(shí)處理,三者共同擔(dān)負(fù)著表現(xiàn)空間與體積的任務(wù)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsWidy2uYouUaKxaEWucNEnonEb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"線和線條技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8gedq8o6oog46xKKTQcuuJcn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的要素是線,但是線在實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是不存在的,它只代表物體、顏色和平面的邊界,用來(lái)作為物體的幻覺(jué)表現(xiàn)。直到近代,線才被人們認(rèn)為是形式的自發(fā)要素,并且獨(dú)立于被描繪的物體之外。用線條來(lái)組成物體的形象,并且描繪于平面之上,藉由線條形式引起觀者的聯(lián)想。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIWIduuw2oyCsaxYXesclq1LnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如兩條線相交所構(gòu)成的角形,可以被認(rèn)為是某平面的邊界;另外加上第三條線可以在畫(huà)面上造成立體感。弧形的線條可以象征拱頂,交會(huì)聚集的線條可表現(xiàn)深度。人們可以從線條的變化當(dāng)中,得到可以領(lǐng)會(huì)的形象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMSgdK88eowKyEx2DHmcLcFQnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用線條區(qū)分立體與平面,至于色彩明暗是為了加強(qiáng)和厘清整體與部分的關(guān)系。運(yùn)用線條的開(kāi)始,消失和中斷來(lái)畫(huà)出邊界,并且形成平面,也可使色彩至邊界而上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCWkdUwIEocK8mxiU9AcBuXEnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"線條的粗細(xì)能表現(xiàn)物體的變化,甚至光和影也可用線條的筆觸變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái),還需要平面技法的輔助。平面技法在使用炭粉筆時(shí),在明暗對(duì)照上可用擦筆法。素描也可用多色畫(huà)筆作為基本材料,用來(lái)加強(qiáng)素描效果以及素描的藝術(shù)性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAGSdcYcGoEiSSxAFDscjosIngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的要素是線,但是線在實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是不存在的,它只代表物體、顏色和平面的邊界,用來(lái)作為物體的幻覺(jué)表現(xiàn)。直到近代,線才被人們認(rèn)為是形式的自發(fā)要素,并且獨(dú)立于被描繪的物體之外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VOSgdy2UUouKcCxQHOtc2sUynoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透過(guò)線條手段,單純的輪廓勾勒可以發(fā)展成精致的素描,這個(gè)視頻講的比較清楚","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2187580955371434233"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2187580955371434233","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AumidSiWcoKW6KxA9IhcASKYnkf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":668,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線和線條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d1a50672c414a2f8a884d527b5ef69a","width":890},"text":"","id":"D8gUdOieWoKO4SxgLfkc92akntg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用線條來(lái)組成物體的形象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2g4duikEoqcKSxGe4ac4fSsnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兩條線相交所構(gòu)成的角形,可以被認(rèn)為是某平面的邊界;另外加上第三條線可以在畫(huà)面上造成立體感。弧形的線條可以象征拱頂,交會(huì)聚集的線條可表現(xiàn)深度。透過(guò)線條的手段,單純的輪廓勾勒可以發(fā)展成精致的素描。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NIgUde8u4oImEQxYT2IcT4Wcnnh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":653,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線和線條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca1d69b891a047acaf9cc9d2802b61f7","width":578},"text":"","id":"Gikcdg00GocMG8xuWz3c8EydnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用線條區(qū)分立體與平面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R02WdcAM8oSowaxIJTCcHe0ynQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在素描中可以用線條區(qū)分立體與平面,至于色彩明暗是為了加強(qiáng)和分清整體與部分的關(guān)系。運(yùn)用線條的開(kāi)始,消失和中斷來(lái)畫(huà)出邊界,并且形成平面,也可使色彩至邊界而上。線條的粗細(xì)能表現(xiàn)物體的變化,甚至光和影也可用線條的筆觸變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWgadQKW6o8CcIxgU8bcgm9Cntb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線和線條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/496c8b6414934669b702afd342a6f614","width":440},"text":"","id":"Ycucd0yKWo0okUxVABMcf9xpnt6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":379,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線和線條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c038c5c282f24ab3bc1f6175944d3ac2","width":428},"text":"","id":"BK8idi46mo62aWxiywGcHbM1nZg"}],"text":"","id":"Uog8dM6qeoyUMsxyA7fcojNVnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"平面技法","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"的輔助","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uog8dM6qeoyUMsxyA7fcojNVnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的線條技法還需要平面技法的輔助。平面技法在使用炭粉筆時(shí),在明暗對(duì)照上可用擦筆法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Saaad8qAOocc02xZGYIcijDXnh2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線和線條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e17c58896fe046bbbec0382435ccb92b","width":775},"text":"","id":"T4GadmEGIoSesexKQiccQYISntg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"毛筆畫(huà)法","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IQYSdW2Iio6Qg8xYRd7cHaQznXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"更重要的是使用毛筆畫(huà)法,因?yàn)槊P能發(fā)揮筆觸的寬度和筆調(diào)的強(qiáng)度并且能增加空間感和立體感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BeAyd8Akmo6ImexS2G4cqCLpnJf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線和線條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7a86f056f594346a3b72363e8c6b8d9","width":856},"text":"","id":"D4OEdM8I0oQUwkx0SBOca974nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"藝術(shù)性的加強(qiáng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oy8ydUiYIoKAk2xmeVJcvATznYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描也可用多色畫(huà)筆作為基本材料,用來(lái)加強(qiáng)素描效果以及素描的藝術(shù)性。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeWCd0wKoowwEMxGozfcrB2fnOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":521,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線和線條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/909bec2f46144855bf575ed589f3f617","width":420},"text":"","id":"WM0idS0eQoO0IIxQaIAcDUhnnkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K80KdesksoSaYYxYlnacpMmonFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗交界線是素描中灰面與暗面的交界,雖然名字是明暗交界“線”,但是它是由“面”組成的,由于光線以及靜物本身形體的變化,明暗交界線也會(huì)有非常豐富的變化","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqUkdg0AKo2YQcxcB7Hcd0eXnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有一些靜物因?yàn)樾误w會(huì)有很多明暗交界線,所以我們找到這些明暗交界線之后統(tǒng)一暗部,然后這些明暗交界線的色調(diào)也要做一個(gè)區(qū)分,靠近光源的顏色稍微要亮一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YEQudyISIoOKQyxWms0cxLERnBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)合視頻講解可以明白明暗的運(yùn)用手法","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoeKdKoUcoWeuAxuwSBc5XQdn6d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2Q4d6OEMo2Kq2xyoSCcJ4OLnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《素描風(fēng)暴》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGeQdyAwioIi4exi6Axc2deTnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02fa9d8faea64ee58f354a866317bed5","width":348},"text":"","id":"Eq6sdWSmgoCCMuxCGjHchzMJn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《素描的訣竅》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsO2dW6aOo86Ecx6dl4cS29tndc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":743,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9294a7f630a443d4b44e84e58b1f0ce3","width":554},"text":"","id":"Domed6wWuoac8Qx4wlEcRSFmnYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《像藝術(shù)家一樣思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsQ8dQsacoO2iQx4NvmcjShVnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1435441efaa48e7a896025f3eb02e4d","width":360},"text":"","id":"H2iKdeemAosUegxola5cpqY6noe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《伯里曼人體結(jié)構(gòu)繪畫(huà)教學(xué)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K2Q0dU8AOoC0AyxEXyOcLjBrnec"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":466,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/168e0c9078494e56a4117ed4d296ecb4","width":323},"text":"","id":"Ns4KdgGmsoiyG8xdUwPcw2Gpnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Egi4dYek6oqQUMxqoRKcbbOVnXc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E