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n廠mk廠的手表怎么樣(fk廠手表與mk廠哪個好)

導讀 1. fk廠手表與mk廠哪個好中國有句諺語,謙謙君子美如玉。君子如玉,玉亦君子。古人自來有佩戴美玉的習慣。古語有”君子無故,玉不離身“。目的是為了時時警醒自己,認為道德修養和品格和玉石一樣。光華內斂,內具堅韌。所以玉石自古以來所受人追捧,價格昂貴。玉石的概念玉石,是一種美麗的礦石。也是石頭的一種,質細而堅硬,有光澤,略透明,可雕琢成工藝品。玉石的分類1、按照產地分類大致可以分為新疆和田玉、遼寧岫巖

1. fk廠手表與mk廠哪個好

中國有句諺語,謙謙君子美如玉。君子如玉,玉亦君子。古人自來有佩戴美玉的習慣。古語有”君子無故,玉不離身“。目的是為了時時警醒自己,認為道德修養和品格和玉石一樣。光華內斂,內具堅韌。所以玉石自古以來所受人追捧,價格昂貴。

玉石的概念

玉石,是一種美麗的礦石。也是石頭的一種,質細而堅硬,有光澤,略透明,可雕琢成工藝品。

玉石的分類

1、按照產地分類

大致可以分為新疆和田玉、遼寧岫巖玉、陜西藍田玉、甘肅酒泉玉等。

2、按照質地分類

新疆和田玉一般來說玉質要高于遼寧岫巖玉。白玉要比其他顏色的玉好等。

3、按照顏色分類

玉的顏色并不只限于白色,還有黃玉、青玉、碧玉、墨玉、青白玉等。

4、按照硬度分類

一般可以分為軟玉和硬玉兩大類。軟玉有和田玉和岫玉等,而硬玉一般是指翡翠。

5、按照存世時間分類

一般來說,漢代以前的玉稱之為“高古玉”,1911年以前的玉稱之為“古玉”,此后的玉稱之為“新玉”。

常見玉種介紹

翡翠

翡翠,硬玉,主要產于緬甸,泰國、日本、美國、中國等地都有翡翠原石礦產,但以90%來自緬甸密支那,因內部含有不同的致色離子,所以呈現出各種各樣的顏色,比如含鉻元素,呈現綠色,稱之為翠,含鐵元素,呈現紅、黃色、褐紅等色,稱之為翡。硬度一般在6.5到7之間,密度為3.2到3.4,韌性強,僅次于和田玉,一般為玻璃光澤至油脂光澤,不透明、微透明、半透明、透明等。色彩從綠、紅、藍、紫、白、黃、青、黑等。從質地上分有,有玻璃地、冰地、糯種、芙蓉種、白地青、花青、油青、金絲種、豆種、干青種、馬牙種等。

在日常評定翡翠時,一般從種、水、色、透明度、潔凈度、致密度、棉裂綹花、尺寸、設計工藝等方面來評價。

和田玉

和田玉,軟玉,中國四大名玉之首,無論從玉質或者歷史文化來說都占據第一位置。以中國新疆和田地區所產的籽料為質地最佳,硬度6到6.5,密度2.8到3.1,韌性在所有玉石中最強,所以不易損壞。光澤一般為玻璃和油脂光澤,從不透明到半透明,顏色變化大,有白、青白、青、黃、綠、黑等,也因此從顏色來分有白玉、青玉、碧玉、黃玉、墨玉、糖玉等種類,從和田玉的產處來分,可分為籽料、山流水、山料、戈壁料。其中以籽料為最珍貴,收藏價值最高。

一般欣賞和田玉時,可以從白度,油份,質地,硬度,韌度,皮色、光澤、亮度、重量、裂綹、設計雕工等方面來考慮。

獨山玉

獨山玉排在中國四大名玉之二,產自河南南陽獨山,獨山玉又被稱為“東方翡翠”。

獨玉質地堅韌致密、細膩柔潤,色彩多,顏色有綠、白、紅、黃、紫、藍、黑、醬(薯色)色等,顏色應有盡有,一塊獨玉上面經常會有兩種以上的顏色組成,這也是獨玉所獨玉的最大特征。硬度6~6.5,與和田玉差不多,密度2.7~3.1,玻璃光澤或者油脂光澤,不透明到半透明。鑒定它是非常容易的事,A、顏色較雜;B、細粒狀;C、任何一塊玉料或者玉件上一般可以同時見到多種顏色。

欣賞和鑒評它時,一般從顏色、質地、重量、雜質裂紋方面來考慮。目前,獨玉以天藍、白天藍、透水白、紅獨玉、芙蓉色、以及以上顏色與醬色俏色為一體的獨山玉價格最高,獨玉作品中,一般以玉雕在全國最為著名。

岫玉

岫玉產于遼寧岫巖,中國四大名玉之一。

岫玉以蛇紋石為主,顏色有綠、黃綠、白、紫、青、墨等等。硬度為2.5~5.5。密度為5.5~2.8,不透明半透明全透明,光澤為蠟狀光澤。

欣賞以及鑒評它時,以顏色、質地、透明度、重量、裂紋雜質等方面衡量。其中最好的岫玉為碧綠或者黃綠色,半透明,質地非常細膩,裂和雜質非常少。因為岫玉在國內總儲量豐富,開采量大,所以相對價格也非常低。

綠松石

做為中國的四大名玉之一,綠松石主要產于湖北,古代也稱“襄陽甸子”,新疆也有綠松石出品,同時伊朗、埃及、美國、俄羅斯、澳大利亞均有出產。綠松石至所以基本顏色為天藍或者綠色,主要是其中含有水化的銅鋁磷酸鹽,硬度為5.5~6,密度2.4~2.9,玻璃或者油脂光澤,不透明,質地還算細膩,韌性差,有藍色、淺藍色、藍綠色、綠色、深藍色等幾種顏色。在它的主體上綠色或者藍色的基礎上,可以看見不規則的白色條紋或者斑塊,由石英白色礦物成份組成,當然了,大家看見的黑色紋理或者黑塊,這是由鐵礦成份組成。

一般綠松石的鑒定非常容易,天藍、深藍、綠的主體,不透明,帶有不規則的白色或者黑色的條紋或者斑塊。在這個外貌特征的基本上,其它玉石相對難和它混淆。而綠松石鑒定唯一難的就是到底是天然的還是人工仿造的,方法就是用小刀劃綠松石,因為它的硬度相對也大,所以小刀一般是刻劃不動的。

青金石

青金石,主產地阿富汗,俄羅斯產量也多。古時又稱為“金碧”,俄羅斯的青金石含有大量的黃鐵礦,青就是指這種高貴的天藍色,而金就是指這種黃金色,所以有青金這一說法,一般來說,青金石色相如天,有純正和深沉的天藍色。

青金石,硬度5~6,密度2.7~2.9,顏色以藍色為主,有白色的斑塊,不透明,玻璃和油脂光澤,一般表面有白色的方解石塊或者白線或者黃色斑塊的黃鐵礦。

因為獨特的顏色,藍、白、黃,所以非常容易與其它玉石區別,許多假青金石,以合成的青金石和方鈉石居多,手感輕,其中合成的青金石,感覺顏色過于均勻,人造白色或者黃色的斑塊,也相對均勻分布于主體,而天然的青金石,顏色不均勻,白、黃斑塊大小不一,輪廓也不均勻。天然的青金石在光線照射下可以出現藍色的光暈。

水晶

水晶,以二氧化硅為主要成分的玉石,古代人稱水玉,水精,千年冰等等說法,早在新時期石代已被應用,顏色呢多種多樣,變化復雜,半透明,透明,玻璃光澤,硬度大,6.5~7,密度2.6~2.66。以無色水晶、色彩純正的紫晶或者水膽水晶為珍貴!透明的石英晶體,純凈的呢無色白色,含雜質的顏色不同,分為紫晶、黃晶、煙晶、茶晶等等吧。不同的水晶又有不同的用途功能,比如催財的、增旺的、治病的、放松心情的、幸運的、避邪的等。

關于水晶,有些人造的水晶會比天然的更要貴,比如說施華洛世奇為代表的水晶,這點必須要了解。還有就是玻璃仿水晶的最簡單的鑒定方法就是看內部,玻璃仿品雖然干凈透明,但可以看出內部有氣泡,硬度小,手感輕。

藍田玉

在日常生活中,藍田玉見的最多的就是玉雕制品或者工藝品,并且價格不高,質硬脆,容易碎。今天的藍田玉,出自陜西西安,屬于蛇紋石化大理巖玉料,

今天的藍田玉,以翠綠色彩多,還有淡黃、淺綠等色,也被稱為菜玉,形容說就象平時吃的大白菜的菜葉差不多吧,硬度2~6,不透明,密度比水晶還小,手感輕。蛇紋石類的玉,大家見過岫玉,而藍田玉也是蛇紋石化的大理石,局部和岫玉都差不多,所以手感輕這個是可以理解的。光澤一般以蠟狀光澤,這種玉質不透明,玉質顆粒感大和粗,質干短水,如果與同樣蛇紋石岫玉相比,無論從外觀還是佩戴效果還是質地水頭都不如岫玉,所以它沒有岫玉貴價格低廉也屬于正常現象。

孔雀石

孔雀石因為是銅礦風化的產物,所以世界各國差不多均有產出,著名的就是俄羅斯、智利、澳大利亞、中國等等,一般玻璃光澤,不透明,硬度、密度均小,硬度2~4,密度2~2.4,韌性差,主要顏色綠色、藍綠色、暗綠色等等,硬度過低,很脆,所以容易碎,也怕碰撞,有人稱它為漂亮而脆弱的石頭。做為玉石,孔雀石缺少玉石耐久性和堅硬的特點,可能正是這個原因使孔雀石的價格一般不貴。

孔雀石的鑒定一般容易,它的塊狀一般有葡萄狀和同心層狀,并且表面有獨特的同心環帶,同心條紋或者同心塊狀,所以一般很難用其它的玉石進行仿造或者造假,當然了,因為硬度非常小,所以小刀或者玻璃之類的可以劃動這類玉石,而且由于它的內部成分主要是碳酸銅礦,所以遇鹽酸就會表面起泡。

瑪瑙與紅玉髓

關于瑪瑙與紅玉髓,這樣的東西和水晶飾品一樣,大家平時見的多。瑪瑙、紅玉髓、水晶,都屬于二氧化硅類玉石,也就是屬于玉髓類,人類玉文化歷史中最早利用的寶石材料之一,材質非常堅強,所以有人曾經說過在良渚和文山文化時期,當時沒有金屬比較強的雕玉工具,因此象瑪瑙、鯊魚的牙齒等這類堅強的材料可能是當時雕玉的工具,這也就是后來我們經常說的“他山之石,可以攻玉”的來源。在出土的玉器里,成串的瑪瑙珠,做項鏈用比較多常見。

瑪瑙的產地非常多,產量也大,價格低廉,最著名的要屬巴西的紅瑪瑙。印度、中國、美國、俄羅斯等都有出產。一般顏色有紅、藍、紫、透明、白、粉、藍、灰、褐、黑等等,自古我國就有句有名的俗語“千般瑪瑙,萬種玉”從這句話就可以看出瑪瑙的品種非常繁多,一般為半透明到不透明,硬度6.5~7度,比重2.55~2.91。

壽山石

壽山石因產為福州市的一個壽山村而得名,壽山石玉質軟,但顏色多,人們經常用來做印章,從清到現在,也被用來做山子擺件。

壽山石的顏色一般有紅、紫、綠、褐、黃、白、黑等。硬度2~3,蠟狀光澤,質軟,也有“軟寶石”一說,一般質地油潤或者脂潤,不透明到半透明,分為田坑、水坑和山坑三大類。田坑因顏色不同又分為“田黃”、“田白”、“田紅”、“田黑”,其中產自福建壽山的田黃有“石中之王”的說法,極為珍貴。

南玉

一般來說,南玉也叫南方玉,主要產自廣東的信宜,是岫玉的一個種類,也是蛇紋石玉,因此呢它的質地細膩,硬度低,加工性能良好,常被選作大、中、小型擺件的材料。色澤以淺綠或者淡綠為主,有黃綠、暗綠等顏色,主體玉石上一般兼有黃、白、乳黃、棕黃等顏色,含有美麗的花紋,油脂或者蠟狀光澤,不透明到半透明,硬度4~5,硬度低,柔韌性好,非常適合中大型玉件的雕刻,一般經常被做為工藝品遠銷海外,象日本、新加坡等。

東陵石

和獨玉、翡翠都相似的一個玉種,東陵石,也叫東陵玉,主要組成成份二氧化硅,它與瑪瑙、水晶、京白玉一樣,都屬于二氧化硅玉石,石英巖類,這類玉石分布非常廣泛,儲存量極大,價格非常便宜,一般為低檔類的玉石。象這類玉石,只有質地細膩、顏色漂亮多樣的才能夠做為玉料,一般的只能做為石類欣賞。

東陵石,硬度7,密度大約2.66,手感輕和飄,也被稱為“印度玉”或者“印度翡翠”,目前以印度產的東陵石為最多,質地細膩,微透明到半透明,玻琉光澤,河南也有這樣的相似的玉石出產,一般我們叫密玉,產自河南的密縣。顏色大多均勻,以油綠和深綠、碧綠為主,由于它的價格不貴,綠色均勻,透明度好,所以也有一定的市場,受一些女性朋友的青睞。

米黃玉

一般米黃玉不透明到半透明,粒狀結構,硬度約為4.3~4.5,性非常脆,易碎,好的米黃玉質地還算細膩,但平時大家所見的有些肉眼感覺可以看出表面顆粒片狀或者粒狀,質略粗,時間久了容易崩口,裂,所以準確地說這類玉不能稱為玉,只能算是一種石材,因產量大,所以價格不高,往往有賣家稱之為黃玉,這里要解釋一下。黃玉與米黃玉是二種完全不同的物質,新疆真正的黃玉基本上現在絕跡,是呈黃色或者米黃色的軟玉,它的珍貴程度不在羊脂玉之下,甚至比羊脂玉更值錢。

象牙玉

象牙玉,成分硅質炭酸鎂,這與平時大家所說的軟玉白玉(含水的鈣鎂硅酸鹽是不一樣的)白色狀,近似象牙,硬度6-6.5度,色澤白,純正,表面細膩,無顆粒感,象牙光澤,手感沉,從工藝品的角度來看,還是非常不錯的。

青海翠

青海翠,也叫烏蘭翠,一種可以經常被人誤認為是獨玉或者是翡翠的玉種。

青海翠或者叫烏蘭翠是在1981年青海烏蘭所發現在的,一般為不透明到微透明,硬度6~7,密度3.5,致密度差,呈粒狀結構,顆粒感強,油脂光澤,一般顏色有白,綠兩種,綠的成片太小,呈斑塊、斑點、條帶分布,如圖所示,綠色一般成小點分布在白色中,由于這種玉光澤不佳,顆粒粗,加工性能差,所以只能屬于中低檔玉材。

青海翠一般在鑒定時被以鈣鋁榴石類所稱。這種制品在鑒定時,碰撞所發的音沙亞悶,不清脆。青海翠玉的的翠綠色主要是鉻致色,這個綠色好象是粘在白地或者鑲嵌在白地上,與白色地子感覺不是溶為一體,與天然的翡翠并不同,在濾色鏡下是容易辨別的,同時這種玉的外觀以及內部結構都與翡翠不同,因此只要大家細心觀察,是并不難鑒別的。

蜜蠟黃玉石

蜜蠟黃玉石與我們平時所說的和田黃玉是二碼事,和田黃玉中的蜜蠟黃那是非常珍貴的玉料,價格不在羊脂白玉之下,比羊脂白玉更稀缺。

這里所說的蜜蠟黃玉石,因為它的顏色如黃色的蜜蠟而來,是由白云石組成的白云巖,80年代,在我國的新疆地區所發現在的。

一般蜜蠟黃玉硬度3.5~4,用平時的刀可以在上面刻劃出痕跡,密度2.6~2.9,細粒狀結構,不透明到半透明,在拋光后蠟狀光澤,外表色澤柔和滋潤,有米黃,黃,淺黃等種顏色,因為這種玉石的儲存量大,所以市場價格也不太高。

河南西峽玉

西峽玉,主要的成分還是蛇蚊石,硬度3~5,密度2.7,玉質堅韌,還算細膩,不透明到微透明,油脂光澤或玻璃光澤,顏色主要以乳白為主,帶有黃、紅等顏色的石皮,它的這個黃,有些黃中帶褐或者黃中帶紅的感覺,顏色鮮艷。

卡瓦石

卡瓦石,產地是新疆,但并不是新疆的白玉,和白玉有天壤之別,卡瓦石它的主要成分和蛇紋石差不多,也有人稱它為新疆的岫玉,硬度低,質地軟,質地粗,密度小,經常有皮色,所以很容易與河田白玉相似,有欺騙性。但鑒定這種卡瓦石卻是非常非常簡單的。

1、硬度低質地軟,所以非常容易用小刀劃出痕,有時候稍稍有一定硬度的東東也可以,有一個買家,就用自己的手指甲用力劃也可以劃的動!

2、因為密度非常小,所以上手非常輕,一個鐲子拿在手上,感覺飄,沒有沉甸的感覺;

3、實物的表面白色過亮,還干,沒有溫潤的感覺,用肉眼就可以看出它的質地粗,毛孔大。

紫袍玉

紫袍玉平時在玉器市場也可以見到,一般以佛或者觀音、12生肖為最多,價格也非常便宜,又稱紫玉、彩玉或者紫袍帶玉。

這種紫袍玉非常好辨認,一般顏色以紫色為主,伴有白、黃、褐等顏色以帶狀或者條狀相間,顏色呢,平行分布,相對均勻,因為紫色代表吉祥之色,帝王喜歡的顏色,所謂紫氣東來就由此說,所以經常被寓為加官進爵,它主要產自貴州,為紫色粘土系列,硬度不次于翡翠,硬度3~3.5,屬于寶石玉類的一種。

瑚珀與珊瑚、珊瑚玉

珊瑚實際上是一種珊瑚蟲生物的分泌物,琥珀是一種植物樹脂經固化而成的有機物,但為什么這二類都被歸屬于玉石類呢?后來查閱一些資料才得知,歷來就是制作玉雕工藝品的重要材料,是中國自古至今傳統的玉料一種,從古代起就有非常高的藝術價值,比如象珊瑚,有時候就算不加工不雕刻也可以自然作為工藝品,就是由于它們這些獨特的美感和原始的自然形態美,所以才會歷來被達官貴人珍視。它們完全符合玉石的特性:美麗、耐久、稀少,從不脫離歷史角度和尊重歷史事實來說,將他們列為玉石類是完全可以理解的。

珊瑚玉是群體珊瑚,珊瑚死亡后被埋藏,處于還原狀態沒有腐爛,被土壤中的SiO2取代了,就保存了SiO2的本質,珊瑚的形態。成分主要是二氧化硅了就像以前的樹木埋藏在底下形成樹化玉一樣的原理,形成原理和硅化木樹化玉原理是一樣的。被SiO2取代了,成分主要是SiO2,只是形態是珊瑚的形態。就跟瑪瑙、玉髓、樹化玉那些成分是一樣的。我覺得就應該比瑪瑙、玉髓要有價值些。

木變石

木變石是一種硅化石棉。當巖石中的青石棉礦體遭受酸性熱水溶液的交代作用,使青石棉變成了由

SiO2組成的隱晶質石英集合體,但卻保留了石棉的纖維狀結構,因其外觀很似木質而被稱為“木變石”。

引用亞洲寶石協會(GIG)研究報告:青石棉硬度為5,密度為3.02~3.42g/cm3。被SiO2交代后,變為木變石,硬度上升為7,密度則下降為2.64~2.71g/cm3,交代不徹底時,其硬度和密度值處于兩者之間。木變石常見為棕黃色、棕色及紅棕色,也多見藍色和灰藍色,此外還可見金黃色、褐紫色及雜色等。質地細膩堅韌,微細纖維狀結構非常明顯,具強烈的絲絹光澤,貓眼效應顯著。這些特點是其它玉石品所沒有的,因而很容易與其它玉石種類區分。

虎眼石

木變石與虎睛石,同為石英巖集合體,同是硅化石棉,所以就放在一起說了,和樹木相似所以叫木變身,根據纖維排列狀況又可分為木變石或者虎眼石(虎睛石)。木變石的顏色褐、灰、黃褐等等,虎眼石(虎睛石)的顏色一般棕黃、黃褐色,硬度6.5,不透明,因上虎眼石在弧面上出現一個平行移動的“眼睛”,形態與顏色象老虎眼睛而得名虎眼石。

金星石

一閃一閃的,象是天上的星星,所以叫金星石,屬于二氧化硅石英礦物,硬度6,含有金砂或者銅粉末,起金色反射作用,因此看起來看星星一樣,一閃一閃的。市場上常見用來作手鏈,掛鏈,圖章之類的東東。

螢石

螢石的成分主要是氟化鈣,透明到微透明,玻璃光澤,硬度4,按工藝分寶石級和玉石級螢石,顏色有綠、紫、藍、黃等,硬底低,太軟,所以單晶體螢石不適合做寶石材料,可作為欣賞石或者玉雕工藝品的原石。這種石頭發的光有熒光和磷光兩種,無需外光源補充就能持續發光。能發磷光的夜明珠很稀少珍貴,因此才具有收藏價值。只有用這種螢石經過細致打磨加工后才能制成夜明珠,而一般來說,普通的螢石能發熒光很正常,并不代表這就算是真正的夜明珠,現在市場上就是將這樣大眾化的螢石球當夜明珠賣。

如何鑒定玉石的好壞

可以看玉的色澤,玉石色澤重在均勻,色澤不均勻的價值較低。同時可以看玉的瑕疵,用十倍放大鏡觀察,如果玉石之中有肉眼不易發現的黑點或瑕疵,越多價值越低。

玉石之中容易有斷裂、割紋,不易看到,但如果將玉石用細繩掛在空中,再拿金屬棒輕輕敲一下,可以聽到玉石發出清脆響亮的聲音,聲音越是清脆則越好。

鑒定玉石的好壞,還可以用天平進行稱重。天然玉石的比重一般在3.3-3.4之間,人造玉石的比重一般是2.8,根據比重這個數字可以精確判斷玉石的好壞。

買玉避坑指南

1、不要輕易聽信路邊攤、各地古玩地攤商販、游商的故事,千萬別存僥幸撿漏心理。

2、顏色特別艷麗、價格又特別低的玉石,一般都會是坑,因為現在的信息這么發達,如果是好的東西,一般人不會以離譜的價格出手。

3、假貨和次貨不是一個概念,許多玉石的坑不在于你買到了假貨,而在于你花了大價錢買到了其實并不值錢的東西。鑒定證書只能證明一件東西是真貨,而不能證明它是好貨。

4、買東西最忌諱沖動,有時候買一件東西,都是經不起“升值”、“機會不再”、“買了能傳家”這些糖衣炮彈的轟炸而撓頭一熱買下的。買玉之前,一定要先問問自己是不是實在喜歡得不得了。

5、雖說如果想玩收藏,必要的“學費”是要交的,打眼的情況在所難免,但是自己的錢也是辛辛苦苦賺來的,買的時候不要抱著無所謂的心態,一定要多對比、多看、多學習,每收一件,都必須是有一定意義和特點的,在精不在多。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中國有句諺語,謙謙君子美如玉。君子如玉,玉亦君子。古人自來有佩戴美玉的習慣。古語有”君子無故,玉不離身“。目的是為了時時警醒自己,認為道德修養和品格和玉石一樣。光華內斂,內具堅韌。所以玉石自古以來所受人追捧,價格昂貴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYccuOwg8sk0UkTWn95dt3a"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"玉石的概念","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno2QqqmCwWG68ULrlxz4T5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"玉石,是一種美麗的礦石。也是石頭的一種,質細而堅硬,有光澤,略透明,可雕琢成工藝品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIQYoUWIqiMUaQXKYOaAph"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"玉石的概念","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/10f481ffdd0b41f6a1eb965d21f1b345","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnUAQycESgWIICeeprKhndNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"玉石的分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqMiq2IqcKU4UkJDApfM0Oe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、按照產地分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn82KgoOgQs0oucIz1jK95Vt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大致可以分為新疆和田玉、遼寧岫巖玉、陜西藍田玉、甘肅酒泉玉等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu8KQiYeq646CWk16lmO6Dh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按照質地分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaS8GgOyMc4OQnb8UikmU2y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新疆和田玉一般來說玉質要高于遼寧岫巖玉。白玉要比其他顏色的玉好等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2MKAaeeY4aQW4bc3LmDdsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、按照顏色分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm44QKywEaauSKKxK8SGbzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"玉的顏色并不只限于白色,還有黃玉、青玉、碧玉、墨玉、青白玉等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8OAyQaqIeoKwLRx3NR4Kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、按照硬度分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCyokcGKCaCgKeGPhI0k6jf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般可以分為軟玉和硬玉兩大類。軟玉有和田玉和岫玉等,而硬玉一般是指翡翠。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyqscMSS0IKaoKSh9AkKbXh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、按照存世時間分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmoOCIg80oc0U5QNr3fBHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般來說,漢代以前的玉稱之為“高古玉”,1911年以前的玉稱之為“古玉”,此后的玉稱之為“新玉”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygkOIs8YmMoymetSkiAYPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常見玉種介紹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU0mAcwiwsq6eCsuLaDFRJe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaa6qS4gMAUAiOgs5bEntd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93ee119999a54ea3b4e05e845e8f014d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnWue42UqumOWI4yIEJfAhCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠,硬玉,主要產于緬甸,泰國、日本、美國、中國等地都有翡翠原石礦產,但以90%來自緬甸密支那,因內部含有不同的致色離子,所以呈現出各種各樣的顏色,比如含鉻元素,呈現綠色,稱之為翠,含鐵元素,呈現紅、黃色、褐紅等色,稱之為翡。硬度一般在6.5到7之間,密度為3.2到3.4,韌性強,僅次于和田玉,一般為玻璃光澤至油脂光澤,不透明、微透明、半透明、透明等。色彩從綠、紅、藍、紫、白、黃、青、黑等。從質地上分有,有玻璃地、冰地、糯種、芙蓉種、白地青、花青、油青、金絲種、豆種、干青種、馬牙種等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoemu04QmSuEq4q25YyvVEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在日常評定翡翠時,一般從種、水、色、透明度、潔凈度、致密度、棉裂綹花、尺寸、設計工藝等方面來評價。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyAIA0gmusA6OWCWpnwb04f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"和田玉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Eiyms6UY6sYEE2shvdBcb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":557,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"和田玉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab47f511c4db4b2181dff274c2d14ec0","width":836},"text":"","id":"doxcnMc8OgM8WCqUiMB2dDoQR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和田玉,軟玉,中國四大名玉之首,無論從玉質或者歷史文化來說都占據第一位置。以中國新疆和田地區所產的籽料為質地最佳,硬度6到6.5,密度2.8到3.1,韌性在所有玉石中最強,所以不易損壞。光澤一般為玻璃和油脂光澤,從不透明到半透明,顏色變化大,有白、青白、青、黃、綠、黑等,也因此從顏色來分有白玉、青玉、碧玉、黃玉、墨玉、糖玉等種類,從和田玉的產處來分,可分為籽料、山流水、山料、戈壁料。其中以籽料為最珍貴,收藏價值最高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneqeSSIWoeu4yGgh2fcyznf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般欣賞和田玉時,可以從白度,油份,質地,硬度,韌度,皮色、光澤、亮度、重量、裂綹、設計雕工等方面來考慮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc88wmuOoeQoyWkFJX6bfud"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"獨山玉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQICGEgWo2Si802i1MKZ5Re"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"獨山玉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c440d6f8140b471087069baae2d8dad4","width":675},"text":"","id":"doxcnu4iOeoEUOM4MeuEclUx7yc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"獨山玉排在中國四大名玉之二,產自河南南陽獨山,獨山玉又被稱為“東方翡翠”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGEqWSqoMqqEIaei7V4opEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"獨玉質地堅韌致密、細膩柔潤,色彩多,顏色有綠、白、紅、黃、紫、藍、黑、醬(薯色)色等,顏色應有盡有,一塊獨玉上面經常會有兩種以上的顏色組成,這也是獨玉所獨玉的最大特征。硬度6~6.5,與和田玉差不多,密度2.7~3.1,玻璃光澤或者油脂光澤,不透明到半透明。鑒定它是非常容易的事,A、顏色較雜;B、細粒狀;C、任何一塊玉料或者玉件上一般可以同時見到多種顏色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuyCecCg0K0aSoeWkaLSg88"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欣賞和鑒評它時,一般從顏色、質地、重量、雜質裂紋方面來考慮。目前,獨玉以天藍、白天藍、透水白、紅獨玉、芙蓉色、以及以上顏色與醬色俏色為一體的獨山玉價格最高,獨玉作品中,一般以玉雕在全國最為著名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa20EaEuquUES0XZeiXV9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"岫玉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0i2AaQA6UmiuKKv1AjR51e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":490,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"岫玉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9c854ead466842eb9782883fd9566e1d","width":735},"text":"","id":"doxcnYCMco8k6q2gSO0USgZnp1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"岫玉產于遼寧岫巖,中國四大名玉之一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMu0mkQUEIAm064XCJoY0yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"岫玉以蛇紋石為主,顏色有綠、黃綠、白、紫、青、墨等等。硬度為2.5~5.5。密度為5.5~2.8,不透明半透明全透明,光澤為蠟狀光澤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiCO0wwsqSc6KgMCJk8LXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欣賞以及鑒評它時,以顏色、質地、透明度、重量、裂紋雜質等方面衡量。其中最好的岫玉為碧綠或者黃綠色,半透明,質地非常細膩,裂和雜質非常少。因為岫玉在國內總儲量豐富,開采量大,所以相對價格也非常低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYqieu4S00C6MjRqkN8VVf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"綠松石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6kiKkEgs4miCs0N9jDZpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":483,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"綠松石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/356b61ecec8a4d7fbc139feb4acddea6","width":725},"text":"","id":"doxcnKy4EeGAYySgg6fMJdYe7Te"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"做為中國的四大名玉之一,綠松石主要產于湖北,古代也稱“襄陽甸子”,新疆也有綠松石出品,同時伊朗、埃及、美國、俄羅斯、澳大利亞均有出產。綠松石至所以基本顏色為天藍或者綠色,主要是其中含有水化的銅鋁磷酸鹽,硬度為5.5~6,密度2.4~2.9,玻璃或者油脂光澤,不透明,質地還算細膩,韌性差,有藍色、淺藍色、藍綠色、綠色、深藍色等幾種顏色。在它的主體上綠色或者藍色的基礎上,可以看見不規則的白色條紋或者斑塊,由石英白色礦物成份組成,當然了,大家看見的黑色紋理或者黑塊,這是由鐵礦成份組成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIWS8yw0iCgwUNETOudmhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般綠松石的鑒定非常容易,天藍、深藍、綠的主體,不透明,帶有不規則的白色或者黑色的條紋或者斑塊。在這個外貌特征的基本上,其它玉石相對難和它混淆。而綠松石鑒定唯一難的就是到底是天然的還是人工仿造的,方法就是用小刀劃綠松石,因為它的硬度相對也大,所以小刀一般是刻劃不動的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnseMSyM6qEkYuI77fc4gnyf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"青金石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaMKeIWoWOm4GeU09ac92zb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":507,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"青金石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0257b66349e149f6b85d1ca1a272e47f","width":761},"text":"","id":"doxcn0qu6SCMWc8GGZjUTQIEnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"青金石,主產地阿富汗,俄羅斯產量也多。古時又稱為“金碧”,俄羅斯的青金石含有大量的黃鐵礦,青就是指這種高貴的天藍色,而金就是指這種黃金色,所以有青金這一說法,一般來說,青金石色相如天,有純正和深沉的天藍色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoyEEQG86oOi0Yh9CmLjw7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"青金石,硬度5~6,密度2.7~2.9,顏色以藍色為主,有白色的斑塊,不透明,玻璃和油脂光澤,一般表面有白色的方解石塊或者白線或者黃色斑塊的黃鐵礦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIyGkWkCYU2u4qa4sWcMkze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因為獨特的顏色,藍、白、黃,所以非常容易與其它玉石區別,許多假青金石,以合成的青金石和方鈉石居多,手感輕,其中合成的青金石,感覺顏色過于均勻,人造白色或者黃色的斑塊,也相對均勻分布于主體,而天然的青金石,顏色不均勻,白、黃斑塊大小不一,輪廓也不均勻。天然的青金石在光線照射下可以出現藍色的光暈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqQCKaSAwM0gwpIuQrTsSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水晶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKYEC4k4KWcs8GfjgI9YDb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"水晶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/916b7c36347e4e879fbdd1a4c586a2aa","width":712},"text":"","id":"doxcnoqWAukWOAG8eQ5OZIHXgxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水晶,以二氧化硅為主要成分的玉石,古代人稱水玉,水精,千年冰等等說法,早在新時期石代已被應用,顏色呢多種多樣,變化復雜,半透明,透明,玻璃光澤,硬度大,6.5~7,密度2.6~2.66。以無色水晶、色彩純正的紫晶或者水膽水晶為珍貴!透明的石英晶體,純凈的呢無色白色,含雜質的顏色不同,分為紫晶、黃晶、煙晶、茶晶等等吧。不同的水晶又有不同的用途功能,比如催財的、增旺的、治病的、放松心情的、幸運的、避邪的等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQaAyCmWIeA0GScCPyWZqhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"關于水晶,有些人造的水晶會比天然的更要貴,比如說施華洛世奇為代表的水晶,這點必須要了解。還有就是玻璃仿水晶的最簡單的鑒定方法就是看內部,玻璃仿品雖然干凈透明,但可以看出內部有氣泡,硬度小,手感輕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQIOseOw4WsgqAxV6vpon9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"藍田玉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOc8UkMWGKA6y8IN3NkTgrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":456,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"藍田玉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a7efba6449fb44ebb1b6c207137ba3b1","width":684},"text":"","id":"doxcnmUMkSQw4MsmQE1T7YYEpsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在日常生活中,藍田玉見的最多的就是玉雕制品或者工藝品,并且價格不高,質硬脆,容易碎。今天的藍田玉,出自陜西西安,屬于蛇紋石化大理巖玉料,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwIKKYyeW4KkWWUCmGTy6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"今天的藍田玉,以翠綠色彩多,還有淡黃、淺綠等色,也被稱為菜玉,形容說就象平時吃的大白菜的菜葉差不多吧,硬度2~6,不透明,密度比水晶還小,手感輕。蛇紋石類的玉,大家見過岫玉,而藍田玉也是蛇紋石化的大理石,局部和岫玉都差不多,所以手感輕這個是可以理解的。光澤一般以蠟狀光澤,這種玉質不透明,玉質顆粒感大和粗,質干短水,如果與同樣蛇紋石岫玉相比,無論從外觀還是佩戴效果還是質地水頭都不如岫玉,所以它沒有岫玉貴價格低廉也屬于正常現象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKKwEsi62SeWgV6DtiONsf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"孔雀石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkm0kWEcgmuG0s90EoC37qe"},{"type":"ima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,"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f9784eff4f948d4aa50d3bfa229653b","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn2Es440kKumKCehkuGbUIrU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象牙玉,成分硅質炭酸鎂,這與平時大家所說的軟玉白玉(含水的鈣鎂硅酸鹽是不一樣的)白色狀,近似象牙,硬度6-6.5度,色澤白,純正,表面細膩,無顆粒感,象牙光澤,手感沉,從工藝品的角度來看,還是非常不錯的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmkc8KUUeC4Qc3vgIJmBzd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"青海翠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Msmq8q8KYs6sv4bEp9Fcf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"青海翠","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c928af4b0bdf4c86a8e8429cdbb9bf3b","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnyCyGoGC8QOqwILs2EX0U6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"青海翠,也叫烏蘭翠,一種可以經常被人誤認為是獨玉或者是翡翠的玉種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEIWosOUuKKYkFb4lyztSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"青海翠或者叫烏蘭翠是在1981年青海烏蘭所發現在的,一般為不透明到微透明,硬度6~7,密度3.5,致密度差,呈粒狀結構,顆粒感強,油脂光澤,一般顏色有白,綠兩種,綠的成片太小,呈斑塊、斑點、條帶分布,如圖所示,綠色一般成小點分布在白色中,由于這種玉光澤不佳,顆粒粗,加工性能差,所以只能屬于中低檔玉材。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISkQKIwqqQEiyij7FKbd3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"青海翠一般在鑒定時被以鈣鋁榴石類所稱。這種制品在鑒定時,碰撞所發的音沙亞悶,不清脆。青海翠玉的的翠綠色主要是鉻致色,這個綠色好象是粘在白地或者鑲嵌在白地上,與白色地子感覺不是溶為一體,與天然的翡翠并不同,在濾色鏡下是容易辨別的,同時這種玉的外觀以及內部結構都與翡翠不同,因此只要大家細心觀察,是并不難鑒別的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny2w4umUiE2qW0u9Lobum6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"蜜蠟黃玉石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngwS8AgIOQ6ikIDQnCcPRYe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蜜蠟黃玉石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9625c203d94f4c5e941f5c2f4cf1880a","width":828},"text":"","id":"doxcno62CSYEwCkgiUTjtMohtnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蜜蠟黃玉石與我們平時所說的和田黃玉是二碼事,和田黃玉中的蜜蠟黃那是非常珍貴的玉料,價格不在羊脂白玉之下,比羊脂白玉更稀缺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMeGgsMiUCkuq0opkqxVDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這里所說的蜜蠟黃玉石,因為它的顏色如黃色的蜜蠟而來,是由白云石組成的白云巖,80年代,在我國的新疆地區所發現在的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuwec6yqW2qWyErhZDywPVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般蜜蠟黃玉硬度3.5~4,用平時的刀可以在上面刻劃出痕跡,密度2.6~2.9,細粒狀結構,不透明到半透明,在拋光后蠟狀光澤,外表色澤柔和滋潤,有米黃,黃,淺黃等種顏色,因為這種玉石的儲存量大,所以市場價格也不太高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86oEsUQokckOe8Ho6wtZdC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"河南西峽玉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAogeGYou6QGuwH2g7ji6Yb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":457,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"河南西峽玉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/91c428f7f08e4f4b999626c82f257a34","width":686},"text":"","id":"doxcn8OAmC0EigC4AaxBCn0qt5o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"西峽玉,主要的成分還是蛇蚊石,硬度3~5,密度2.7,玉質堅韌,還算細膩,不透明到微透明,油脂光澤或玻璃光澤,顏色主要以乳白為主,帶有黃、紅等顏色的石皮,它的這個黃,有些黃中帶褐或者黃中帶紅的感覺,顏色鮮艷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoYIqwEwckaKmiWwJKlIrRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卡瓦石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYQkGQkAEym4MfgrT5kg0b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卡瓦石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58a0a188da444974b3978af311676bd2","width":731},"text":"","id":"doxcneGYAe44qQM4ogfNa9WiJ6O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卡瓦石,產地是新疆,但并不是新疆的白玉,和白玉有天壤之別,卡瓦石它的主要成分和蛇紋石差不多,也有人稱它為新疆的岫玉,硬度低,質地軟,質地粗,密度小,經常有皮色,所以很容易與河田白玉相似,有欺騙性。但鑒定這種卡瓦石卻是非常非常簡單的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsY4EyWA0ekOuYOU28vQfib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、硬度低質地軟,所以非常容易用小刀劃出痕,有時候稍稍有一定硬度的東東也可以,有一個買家,就用自己的手指甲用力劃也可以劃的動!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWe0Q0O4gkYIERkul6rftI4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、因為密度非常小,所以上手非常輕,一個鐲子拿在手上,感覺飄,沒有沉甸的感覺;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaG6KY0iwGqgKetzIfTYkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、實物的表面白色過亮,還干,沒有溫潤的感覺,用肉眼就可以看出它的質地粗,毛孔大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAG6CkEYUSUeoC6Oc7OMEZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"紫袍玉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGMaac2q06CwqCsmdYFpfwf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"紫袍玉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3a2a4a2a23d4a3eb29c455d96ebc973","width":795},"text":"","id":"doxcnewUUYqqcSO6UMndMrCrOcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"紫袍玉平時在玉器市場也可以見到,一般以佛或者觀音、12生肖為最多,價格也非常便宜,又稱紫玉、彩玉或者紫袍帶玉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIees8s0gqS0gkBjhMY3Wgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種紫袍玉非常好辨認,一般顏色以紫色為主,伴有白、黃、褐等顏色以帶狀或者條狀相間,顏色呢,平行分布,相對均勻,因為紫色代表吉祥之色,帝王喜歡的顏色,所謂紫氣東來就由此說,所以經常被寓為加官進爵,它主要產自貴州,為紫色粘土系列,硬度不次于翡翠,硬度3~3.5,屬于寶石玉類的一種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKwMAgyigsSC4DG2KSTyYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"瑚珀與珊瑚、珊瑚玉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgU2CKOakQKqym42e3ytRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"瑚珀與珊瑚、珊瑚玉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1d0742416a04100898197e2cb5aad87","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcny0qacmYwiiAcotu7UPne4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"珊瑚實際上是一種珊瑚蟲生物的分泌物,琥珀是一種植物樹脂經固化而成的有機物,但為什么這二類都被歸屬于玉石類呢?后來查閱一些資料才得知,歷來就是制作玉雕工藝品的重要材料,是中國自古至今傳統的玉料一種,從古代起就有非常高的藝術價值,比如象珊瑚,有時候就算不加工不雕刻也可以自然作為工藝品,就是由于它們這些獨特的美感和原始的自然形態美,所以才會歷來被達官貴人珍視。它們完全符合玉石的特性:美麗、耐久、稀少,從不脫離歷史角度和尊重歷史事實來說,將他們列為玉石類是完全可以理解的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCI6GOw2GQaKoktP7la7Qxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"瑚珀與珊瑚、珊瑚玉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1a686f71492e4310958371830ef5044d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnweUEokyO42iCMjRi31LFdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"珊瑚玉是群體珊瑚,珊瑚死亡后被埋藏,處于還原狀態沒有腐爛,被土壤中的SiO2取代了,就保存了SiO2的本質,珊瑚的形態。成分主要是二氧化硅了就像以前的樹木埋藏在底下形成樹化玉一樣的原理,形成原理和硅化木樹化玉原理是一樣的。被SiO2取代了,成分主要是SiO2,只是形態是珊瑚的形態。就跟瑪瑙、玉髓、樹化玉那些成分是一樣的。我覺得就應該比瑪瑙、玉髓要有價值些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmKgGWC6OUS8YFbPtanUIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"木變石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncewWYYIsS2WUcbCznIYEQd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":452,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"木變石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/20aed1d8db8946c38bb14d4df16749fd","width":678},"text":"","id":"doxcne6QIOAo00sAweEMqNRSsRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木變石是一種硅化石棉。當巖石中的青石棉礦體遭受酸性熱水溶液的交代作用,使青石棉變成了由","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMgUIYcgGicEYMtmwQxlFUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SiO2組成的隱晶質石英集合體,但卻保留了石棉的纖維狀結構,因其外觀很似木質而被稱為“木變石”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWIyUEeaGeawqC5MAuffIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"引用亞洲寶石協會(GIG)研究報告:青石棉硬度為5,密度為3.02~3.42g/cm3。被SiO2交代后,變為木變石,硬度上升為7,密度則下降為2.64~2.71g/cm3,交代不徹底時,其硬度和密度值處于兩者之間。木變石常見為棕黃色、棕色及紅棕色,也多見藍色和灰藍色,此外還可見金黃色、褐紫色及雜色等。質地細膩堅韌,微細纖維狀結構非常明顯,具強烈的絲絹光澤,貓眼效應顯著。這些特點是其它玉石品所沒有的,因而很容易與其它玉石種類區分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KCGGmoecOaUeIyXm3gNHe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"虎眼石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMmkA2yGmeiSgiKwBESRqtd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":462,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"虎眼石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7d917049f014623ad07436b441891af","width":693},"text":"","id":"doxcnA2OCCgOWa2Wk4dzjRrZl4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木變石與虎睛石,同為石英巖集合體,同是硅化石棉,所以就放在一起說了,和樹木相似所以叫木變身,根據纖維排列狀況又可分為木變石或者虎眼石(虎睛石)。木變石的顏色褐、灰、黃褐等等,虎眼石(虎睛石)的顏色一般棕黃、黃褐色,硬度6.5,不透明,因上虎眼石在弧面上出現一個平行移動的“眼睛”,形態與顏色象老虎眼睛而得名虎眼石。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQSyO2sku08GqQ3drUdQ0c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"金星石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWUwGi06ImU2Ikvo1uSrHef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":452,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金星石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d652d6981748408d8e1cfadfb5a183ac","width":678},"text":"","id":"doxcnUMekE8a8WEAAYrHpjuVxMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一閃一閃的,象是天上的星星,所以叫金星石,屬于二氧化硅石英礦物,硬度6,含有金砂或者銅粉末,起金色反射作用,因此看起來看星星一樣,一閃一閃的。市場上常見用來作手鏈,掛鏈,圖章之類的東東。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4qOEmUSUeEwie6c3MidUQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"螢石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYm8sssc6cEGCuA0mCmPfvg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"螢石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aa2924fe1fa84e4badadc31381f61e01","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnCgqikIu8mkEGQLS2vRwL4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"螢石的成分主要是氟化鈣,透明到微透明,玻璃光澤,硬度4,按工藝分寶石級和玉石級螢石,顏色有綠、紫、藍、黃等,硬底低,太軟,所以單晶體螢石不適合做寶石材料,可作為欣賞石或者玉雕工藝品的原石。這種石頭發的光有熒光和磷光兩種,無需外光源補充就能持續發光。能發磷光的夜明珠很稀少珍貴,因此才具有收藏價值。只有用這種螢石經過細致打磨加工后才能制成夜明珠,而一般來說,普通的螢石能發熒光很正常,并不代表這就算是真正的夜明珠,現在市場上就是將這樣大眾化的螢石球當夜明珠賣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CI6SOwUG6UW6USmnn8dfh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何鑒定玉石的好壞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEqW6qE2kiAsE6lZUh4ppme"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY2ok4Uaem0GyOeAtgu9Rbe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"看","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6c6dc0dda5224a5f999f4369fe9591b1","width":864},"text":"","id":"doxcnw4MA4eSiwWiWApH1wt0N6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看玉的色澤,玉石色澤重在均勻,色澤不均勻的價值較低。同時可以看玉的瑕疵,用十倍放大鏡觀察,如果玉石之中有肉眼不易發現的黑點或瑕疵,越多價值越低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwoiAmAIoUYoaW2pgHRS3lb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"聽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGk0e6qkwaMoa4IP3MqfMwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"聽","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/76520ec47cee4af6b427be2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2. mk手表咋樣

玫瑰金的女士的手表非常的好看哦,因為玫瑰金已經是一種金屬里邊女士喜歡的一種顏色,然后就是那種粉色的那種顏色,適合女性朋友戴,好的,玫瑰金手表他的出來,我非常的好,而且是款式也是非常的新穎,女性朋友們帶起來非常的有自己的氣質 很漂亮

3. 手表zf廠,mk廠都是啥意思

家里要購買洗衣機的話,就要注意做好保養工作,避免洗衣機出現故障,影響了使用。洗衣機在使用中出現故障要及時查找原因并進行維修。市面上常見的洗衣機(海爾,美的等品牌)。

洗衣機零件介紹

電機和電容

電機是發動力,可驅動渡輪完成衣服的洗滌和脫水。電容一般洗衣機是用單項電容起動式,主要作用是增大電動機的啟動力矩。

程序控制器

簡稱程控器,是控制洗衣機系統的中心部件,整個洗衣機的操作都是由程控器來支配的,它的結構較為復雜,有機械式(電機式)和電腦式(電子式)之分。

水位開關

為控制水量,還設計水位開關。水位開關一般有3-4檔,使用時可按衣服量選擇水位,當達到指定水位時,水位開關會將電磁進水閥的電路切斷,從而停止進水。之后,在通過程控器,將電機電路接通,開始洗滌工作。

安全開關

它主要是起到安全保障的作用,當洗衣機的蓋子被打開,洗衣機就會停止脫水工作,會把電源切斷,還會把電磁鐵的電路處在剎車狀態,這樣保證了使用的安全性。

電磁進水閥

電磁進水閥位于洗衣機上罩的后部,是為洗衣機進水的自動控制系統而設計的。當需要進水時,程控器將它的電路接通,可以打開進水通道,向洗衣機內注水。

排水電磁鐵

與排水閥連接在一起,用于排水閥開啟和關閉,主要作用是通過剎車帶抱緊或放松脫水軸,完成脫水準備和剎車工作。

洗衣機故障

通過洗衣機不同的情況表現,甄別出具體的故障點出在什么地方。判斷出洗衣機故障后,在對癥下藥,具體對應故障如下:

不進水

1、進水閥線圈短路引起線圈骨架變形,使鐵芯始終封閉泄壓孔,引起進水閥不進水;

2、鐵芯彈簧生銹,使鐵芯不能上、下移動,始終封閉泄壓孔,引起進水閥不進水;

3、泄壓孔被堵(如沙子、異物等),使控制腔內水無法流出,于是控制腔內的靜壓力迅速升。

脫水無力

1、皮帶松弛,磨損拉長,使皮帶運轉打滑無法帶動脫水桶運轉,引起脫水無力;

2、離合器方線扭簧磨損直徑變大生銹,使方線扭簧無法抱緊脫水軸帶動脫水桶正常運轉,引起脫水無力。

電容損壞

電容損壞一般會易引起洗滌,脫水無力,電機不轉動

離合器損壞

洗衣機出現脫水聲音大,脫水無力,只能單向反轉,不能正轉,離合器抱簧壞的情況出現。當衣服少的情況下機器能夠保證有一個比較高的初速度使得機器盡快高速旋轉起來。而衣服多了以后機器沒法產生一個較高的初速度從而使得洗衣桶擺動變大。

控制板損壞

洗衣機控制板損壞會出現電機無法轉動,不脫水和不進水等故障。

排水電機損壞

排水電機正常值應為4.5~5.1kΩ。洗衣機甩干桶電機的阻值一般是主繞組為65到95歐。副繞組為110到200歐。洗衣機的額定電壓是200V,即洗衣機在電壓時220V才能正常工作,洗衣機的洗滌時的額定功率是360W,即洗衣機在220V時,洗滌的功率是360W,洗衣機的最大工作電流為5A。洗衣機主要是在水位開關與電磁進水閥之間的調控進行進水跟排水的的,在一定的情況下,排水跟排水以及電機開關,可以實現自動化的控制,水位開關說白了就是一個壓力開關而已。然后洗衣機的氣室入口與洗衣機的衣桶是相互連接的。具體阻值還得依機型來定,詳情請看洗衣機說明書。選用電阻時常有阻值選擇的問題,往往遇到選用的阻值是不常用電阻,或特殊阻值很難制造的貼片、插件電阻。

皮帶松

造成洗衣機皮帶松掉的主要是以下原因:1、皮帶受潮。2、皮帶使用時間過長導致受損。

放水異常

1、進水電磁閥損壞,造成水閥不工作水無法進入管路。

2、進水電磁閥連接線斷,使電磁閥無驅動電壓而不工作最終水無法進入管路。

3、進水電磁閥驅動電路故障,造成電磁閥無法正常開啟,水無法注入管路。

4、可能是排水開關損壞,使開關閉死不動,水無法排出。

5、可能是排水口堵塞,排水口內部有異物造成排水口嚴重堵塞而無法排水。

6,容器內的水位傳感器,將感受到的水位信號傳送到控制器,控制器內的計算機將實測的水位信號與設定信號進行比較,得出偏差,然后根據偏差的性質,向給水電動閥發出"開""關"的指令,保證容器達到設定水位。進水程序完成后,溫控部份的計算機向供給熱媒的電動閥發出"開"的指令,于是系統開始對容器內的水進行加熱。到設定溫度時。控制器才發出關閥的命令、切斷熱源,系統進入保溫狀態。洗衣機水位傳感器損壞的原因:導管破裂、入嘴與導管連接處漏氣、內部隔膜穿孔、觸點接觸不良等。洗衣機水位傳感器壞了會引起進水不良,有的洗衣機可能會引起脫水不良故障。

脫水異常

這種情況一般要檢查;洗衣機甩水不平衡導致保護,吊桿、防撞開關都有可能出故障。顯示故障代碼的診斷方法,顯示故障代碼,維修并不難,一般情況下出現故障代碼,應該檢查安全開關,排水電機,控制板等。

1、洗衣機不工作則會顯示“dE”“dE1”“dE2”,出現這種情況,應及時檢查洗衣機的上蓋或者機器門有沒有關好。如果是波輪式,則將上蓋關好,機器會自動恢復正常。滾筒式的話則檢查衣物是否均勻放置在內筒里面,避免有衣物夾在門縫中,并確認門已關嚴,再次試機。

2、洗衣機顯示e1,若是出現這類代碼表示洗衣機排水超時,應及時檢查洗衣機排水管是否被堵。

3、洗衣機顯示H,若出現這種情況,一種是脫水安全門開關壞了,建議更換。第二種則是脫水電路異常。

故障排除

確認好故障點之后,就是針對性的去處理故障問題,不同的故障利用或修或換的方式進行排除,海爾洗衣機為例,具體方法如下:

解決方法

進水量未達到設定水位時就停止進水

1、可能是水壓開關水位控制彈簧預壓縮量變小,需要調節螺釘,增加水位控制彈簧的預壓縮量,這個比較好解決。

2、若是水位控制彈簧彈力變小或失去彈性,那就需要更換水位控制彈簧,注意它的型號要相同。

進水量必須超過設定水位較多后才會停止進水

1、應該是水壓開關集氣室,容易導致氣接嘴有堵塞或漏氣的問題,先清潔導氣接嘴處雜物,以后定期檢查。

2、若使用時間比較長。導氣軟管出現老化扭結或破裂漏氣,需要更換導氣軟管。

程序進入洗滌狀態時,電機轉動正常,但波輪不轉

1、遇到這樣的情況,直接檢查電機皮帶輪,離合器帶輪和波輪的緊固情況,若有螺釘松動,滑絲或斷裂,請對應的工具對它進行檢修。

2、若是三角皮帶打滑或脫落,需要在調大電機和離合器距離,并在三角皮帶上擦些松香粉,增大它的摩擦。

洗滌時脫水桶跟轉

1、一般是制動帶松脫,讓制動帶對脫水軸的制動力矩減小,先關閉電源,然后讓它重新安裝好。

2、也可能是制動帶嚴重磨損或損壞,可先通過旋轉調節螺釘,然后適當的調節,增加制動帶對脫水軸的制動力矩。

洗滌時,電機正反向運轉正常,而波輪只能單向反轉,不能正轉

1、根據使用的經驗來看,離合器工作位置不到位時,方絲離合簧不能被撥松,讓洗滌軸和脫水軸被離合簧抱緊;脫水軸在洗滌狀態下被制動帶抱緊。

2、當離合器皮帶輪以順時針方向運轉時,不能讓波輪轉動,當離合器皮帶輪逆時針方向反轉時,離合器方向離合簧旋松方向,需要適當的調節螺釘,讓棘爪撥叉和制動桿間隙處于一個正常范圍。

排水速度變慢

1、當洗衣機的排水速度變慢,可能是排水閥內部有雜物或排水軟管彎折變形,既然已經知道了原因,先清除排水閥內雜物,保持軟管暢通。

2、若排水拉桿和橡膠閥門間隙變大,要適當調小排水拉桿和橡膠閥門的間隙,避免出現異常問題。

3、排水閥內彈簧太長或失去彈性。只要更換內彈簧即可。

排水不凈

1、自己推測是水壓開關性能不良或空氣管路漏氣,讓集氣室內空氣壓力變小,盛水桶內水位沒有下降到規定位置,水壓開關觸點便提前動作。

2、想辦法找到空氣管路漏氣位置,然后用401膠密封,若水壓開關損壞,盡快更換水壓一個相同型號的開關。

維修完畢

排除故障后,檢查機體是否恢復正常使用,最好是使用一次,全程下來看看,是否還存在類似的問題,如果沒有,說明維修完畢了,反之就需要進行重新進行以上步驟。

洗衣機維護

俗話都說,洗衣機三分用七分養,維修之后更是需要保養維護。維修之后,需要做的維護如下:

機體

可以用柔軟布及溫和的洗滌劑(如廚房用洗滌劑和肥皂水)清潔機體。

注意:不要直接向機體淋水;不要使用去污粉、稀釋劑或含有酒精或煤油的產品。

窗玻璃及窗密封墊

洗衣機每次使用結束后,清除窗密封墊上的物件;擦去窗玻璃及窗密封墊上的線屑及污垢;適時打開機門進行通風。

洗滌劑盒

洗滌劑盒需要定時清洗,避免洗滌劑殘留并滋生出霉菌。

1、按壓洗滌劑盒,彈開后再向外拉出。

2、按下中間凸起部即可安全拉出。

3、用雙手大拇指如圖小箭頭方向適當用力擴張,同時大拇指向上推出柔軟劑蓋子,將其從洗滌劑盒中取出。

4、用水將殘留的洗滌劑洗去,然后用布將洗滌劑盒上的水擦干凈。

5、柔軟劑蓋子下壓到洗滌劑盒的原本位置。確認兩邊及后側的卡爪均到位,然后通過插入的方式裝回洗滌劑盒。

排水過濾器

建議至少每個月清潔一次排水過濾器。過濾器會堆積線屑,使排水不暢。

1、關閉電源并拔下電源插頭。

2、按壓前蓋板B右側,打開前蓋板B,放置一個容器以接收排出的水。

3、拉出泵軟管,拔下管塞使水流出。

4、在水全部排出后,將排水過濾器逆時針轉動旋開。然后往外拉出。(松開排水過濾器要小心。可能會有更多水排出。這是正常現象。)

5、清除上面的毛絨及線屑。

6、回排水過濾器。

7、將管塞塞回泵軟管中,裝回原位置,關閉前蓋板B。

8、注意:排放熱水時務必小心;排水過濾器務必順時針轉動旋進到位,否則將造成漏水,并導致前蓋板無法正常關閉。

進水閥過濾網

定期取下進水管,清除過濾網上的污垢。

為防止濺水,取下進水管前,請按以下步驟進行。

1、關閉水龍頭。

2、按下電源鍵打開電源。

3、按下一鍵智洗。

4、1分鐘后關閉電源。水已從進水管中排出。

5、擰松進水管將其取下。

6、使用牙刷來的小刷子,清潔洗衣機背面的進水閥過濾網。

7、重新連接進水管,打開水龍頭,檢查是否漏水。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家里要購買洗衣機的話,就要注意做好保養工作,避免洗衣機出現故障,影響了使用。洗衣機在使用中出現故障要及時查找原因并進行維修。市面上常見的洗衣機(海爾,美的等品牌)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnUS3WufAHFP9qKhgbGCvih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣機零件介紹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUyodCqiAoWyUoxAp1ic9ef2nag"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電機和電容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6Ykd46CKouQ60x44khcOxAJnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電機是發動力,可驅動渡輪完成衣服的洗滌和脫水。電容一般洗衣機是用單項電容起動式,主要作用是增大電動機的啟動力矩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmcMd8SEyosMs0xULdscQpo3nfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"電機和電容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cba235141e048b2b667cc83dca394ab","width":590},"text":"","id":"ZUQ8dkW2yo2K2yxI73Fc8YNinKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"程序控制器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CeG6dQ6sgoWmUExiisIcEfQgndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡稱程控器,是控制洗衣機系統的中心部件,整個洗衣機的操作都是由程控器來支配的,它的結構較為復雜,有機械式(電機式)和電腦式(電子式)之分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6KadwkkQoYY86xkjIMcDBf5n3d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"程序控制器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e9643eb44dc468c891e2c9a4f1406b0","width":893},"text":"","id":"Is0adqE6IoEWoYxCLSDcXDEcnnw"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水位開關","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6yEdmSkookuI8xy4gec6N8jnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"為控制水量,還設計水位開關。水位開關一般有3-4檔,使用時可按衣服量選擇水位,當達到指定水位時,水位開關會將電磁進水閥的電路切斷,從而停止進水。之后,在通過程控器,將電機電路接通,開始洗滌工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SqkadGYscooMecxATSIcauySnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":417,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"水位開關","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae4987ba95734e9092bcc3c20aac3837","width":770},"text":"","id":"ZOkodyIcSoswCmxKcGacII99nJh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安全開關","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQcodsYI6oamUAxA5WZcMEstnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它主要是起到安全保障的作用,當洗衣機的蓋子被打開,洗衣機就會停止脫水工作,會把電源切斷,還會把電磁鐵的電路處在剎車狀態,這樣保證了使用的安全性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GCgmdK8iqoeMCmxcKtSc4vPunUa"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":367,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安全開關","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/955fe2dedc8545229c7415a3e8b05a9f","width":709},"text":"","id":"AWcCdgK6UoSMAOxIBOTcnbycnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電磁進水閥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UGiIdyi0yoM4MmxKPxLce6FJnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電磁進水閥位于洗衣機上罩的后部,是為洗衣機進水的自動控制系統而設計的。當需要進水時,程控器將它的電路接通,可以打開進水通道,向洗衣機內注水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E48GdY6gcos4uUxyuWCc2Kx1ngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"電磁進水閥","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ea46f5e819f4cfdb00a6f7d597c4708","width":516},"text":"","id":"UakYduauooaG4UxE9x7cNHRTnNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水電磁鐵","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BIEMdwSCqogGcqxYTSycCWVvnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"與排水閥連接在一起,用于排水閥開啟和關閉,主要作用是通過剎車帶抱緊或放松脫水軸,完成脫水準備和剎車工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EMyed8sEeom2O8xO6tocfslUnrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水電磁鐵","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e0429401c364f7c924ecb06fd9666cb","width":500},"text":"","id":"Vi8MdIM04osUu2xWYdDcDqVtnGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣機故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ra46dWQOcoKyqOx6zRycc4XfnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通過洗衣機不同的情況表現,甄別出具體的故障點出在什么地方。判斷出洗衣機故障后,在對癥下藥,具體對應故障如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SqGIdqKA4oKE2oxEzR4cp1mZn7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不進水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HseAdAOe2ocYMOxQHOIca3FSnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、進水閥線圈短路引起線圈骨架變形,使鐵芯始終封閉泄壓孔,引起進水閥不進水;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McaCd8oGsoU06wxaMFycYbwanTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、鐵芯彈簧生銹,使鐵芯不能上、下移動,始終封閉泄壓孔,引起進水閥不進水;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XImKdEU8yooI4mxOKeVcNFhunic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、泄壓孔被堵(如沙子、異物等),使控制腔內水無法流出,于是控制腔內的靜壓力迅速升。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQ2Eds8WsoegEcx42zUcowVQnpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脫水無力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoSadWM22oqQiKx8zBJc9bjyn1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、皮帶松弛,磨損拉長,使皮帶運轉打滑無法帶動脫水桶運轉,引起脫水無力;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqqAd6mKeokewCxwvNPcD2ZBn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、離合器方線扭簧磨損直徑變大生銹,使方線扭簧無法抱緊脫水軸帶動脫水桶正常運轉,引起脫水無力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rwomdqym4o4gUAx4RbVcQJvrnmb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電容損壞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTOvXvKqxRL0VY8OCQbRaRa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電容損壞一般會易引起洗滌,脫水無力,電機不轉動","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOu8dOUkGoyGW8xkE2jccj24nlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"電容損壞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48905fd9a3074c849aa566c04019eede","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcn9Oiavv4lT47kFbOa1M0qjq"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"離合器損壞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5hGPYbAYK08gLJlJ9ffnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣機出現脫水聲音大,脫水無力,只能單向反轉,不能正轉,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"離合器抱簧壞的情況出現。當衣服","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"少的情況下機器能夠保證有一個比較高的初速度使得機器盡快高速旋","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"轉起來。而衣服多","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"了以后機器沒法產生一個較高的初速度從而使得洗衣桶擺動變大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKpkNXSqgXMMCSvP45hGCid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"離合器損壞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f982519b5b2f497991b4c778a9b8f9a7","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnXb3737BBnoiMcbxQ7xqKRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控制板損壞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSUQLeRaoYLdjB35G3aBMHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣機控制板損壞會出現電機無法轉動,不脫水和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不進水等故障","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoHOtx6ujabP31CpP03yAbg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":262,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"控制板損壞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b58edd17ebe94e2eba830ddc3fa2d2f1","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnXzd0A0wlYBOa7WLRIeiUxf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水電機損壞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9lfgoeRhuzPYSfhSR54tPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水電機正常值應為4.5~5.1kΩ。洗衣機甩干桶電機的阻值一般是主繞組為65到95歐。副繞組為110到200歐。洗衣機的額定電壓是200V,即洗衣機在電壓時220V才能正常工作,洗衣機的洗滌時的額定功率是360W,即洗衣機在220V時,洗滌的功率是360W,洗衣機的最大工作電流為5A。洗衣機主要是在水位開關與電磁進水閥之間的調控進行進水跟排水的的,在一定的情況下,排水跟排水以及電機開關,可以實現自動化的控制,水位開關說白了就是一個壓力開關而已。然后洗衣機的氣室入口與洗衣機的衣桶是相互連接的。具體阻值還得依機型來定,詳情請看洗衣機說明書。選用電阻時常有阻值選擇的問題,往往遇到選用的阻值是不常用電阻,或特殊阻值很難制造的貼片、插件電阻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhtI6Am9QYnUjfjW20Wm7De"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水電機損壞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c12bad1b93642138748c2dac1d31942","width":562},"text":"","id":"doxcnOSXclkZfdVzbJH6U2aDHG8"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"皮帶松","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVb4y7QKPSOFLg1Cz91DTJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"造成洗衣機皮帶松掉的主要是以下原因:1、皮帶受潮。2、皮帶使用時間過長導致受損。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrxI7yFAMnnGu8ZbxnOAZHd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":279,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"皮帶松","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9ad2021312e4a5db2cb4a73e43462e1","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcnc1mIOAiOXxXC99xJi64Zy9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"放水異常","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9QRfQBcWlXkfSLIFaoOfTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、進水電磁閥損壞,造成水閥不工作水無法進入管路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAVWv3AoYwRmxWNsMqlII0b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":349,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"放水異常","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fbc4dfb4968745a6b7bcc2b9d751562f","width":359},"text":"","id":"doxcn7LX4fG8U8Ln0wgLYBOv7Cf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、進水電磁閥連接線斷,使電磁閥無驅動電壓而不工作最終水無法進入管路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIVMwQWm4VIGVf7F90bbqzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、進水電磁閥驅動電路故障,造成電磁閥無法正常開啟,水無法注入管路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNKI9pyN7WJngl40UPVmkyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、可能是排水開關損壞,使開關閉死不動,水無法排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDKGYnfhpR44rZp0iXAHje9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、可能是排水口堵塞,排水口內部有異物造成排水口嚴重堵塞而無法排水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf9Q8MqcVXspYVg1rS6c76d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6,容器內的水位傳感器,將感受到的水位信號傳送到控制器,控制器內的計算機將實測的水位信號與設定信號進行比較,得出偏差,然后根據偏差的性質,向給水電動閥發出\"開\"\"關\"的指令,保證容器達到設定水位。進水程序完成后,溫控部份的計算機向供給熱媒的電動閥發出\"開\"的指令,于是系統開始對容器內的水進行加熱。到設定溫度時。控制器才發出關閥的命令、切斷熱源,系統進入保溫狀態。洗衣機水位傳感器損壞的原因:導管破裂、入嘴與導管連接處漏氣、內部隔膜穿孔、觸點接觸不良等。洗衣機水位傳感器壞了會引起進水不良,有的洗衣機可能會引起脫水不良故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHDrzmlSYQI1pgDASg0OQ2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"放水異常","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/63548116c7334b8e9432a84289fa6fb8","width":718},"text":"","id":"doxcnpH5APQPZiT38XRWxWQglGb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脫水異常","id":""}],"tex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隙處于一個正常范圍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ToGMdYg4qo8Simxw5vPc9YzenQh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗滌時,電機正反向運轉正常,而波輪只能單向反轉,不能正轉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afff38fca8a44c96bffae157571a0c59","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcn2MY5tG1e3GUm4OtztEfFSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水速度變慢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6eixdUhbwC5mMagETWC5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、當洗衣機的排水速度變慢,可能是排水閥內部有雜物或排水軟管彎折變形,既然已經知道了原因,先清除排水閥內雜物,保持軟管暢通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IW2YdAYWQo6mGExWAh9cQ1Nvntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若排水拉桿和橡膠閥門間隙變大,要適當調小排水拉桿和橡膠閥門的間隙,避免出現異常問題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XiOOdgkI8ocwewx0cpwcn7Usn2D"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、排水閥內彈簧太長或失去彈性。只要更換內彈簧即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkwEd4yO4oiCM0xWEddcvtCAnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水速度變慢","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/35583a3e20e54ffa80200ee3cd67f961","width":599},"text":"","id":"doxcn1rDv7r8fet53EnFLlytFvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水不凈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMRL1RCKaCP5WgIkGuoanIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、自己推測是水壓開關性能不良或空氣管路漏氣,讓集氣室內空氣壓力變小,盛水桶內水位沒有下降到規定位置,水壓開關觸點便提前動作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOCadAmwGoGeC0x4y0CcSZkznWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、想辦法找到空氣管路漏氣位置,然后用401膠密封,若水壓開關損壞,盡快更換水壓一個相同型號的開關。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOUodiuSQoS6KqxGKEOc8M2ln0f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修完畢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni5GIacVbBalOJNG7YCbxzX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排除故障后,檢查機體是否恢復正常使用,最好是使用一次,全程下來看看,是否還存在類似的問題,如果沒有,說明維修完畢了,反之就需要進行重新進行以上步驟。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMxxY8tmEnquzcujZiAtxRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1346,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"維修完畢","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/254880c68338404b9ea4ee391d4ee710","width":1440},"text":"","id":"doxcn3l5jrKDSX1TtTSKpWhKBug"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣機維護","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9ZxgIT2cA3hkWSE4LkhD4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俗話都說,洗衣機三分用七分養,維修之后更是需要保養維護。維修之后,需要做的維護如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWIlUSU43wDzmVeoUJHo7mb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"機體","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiAYrfQYV69WqHl8qFmzwE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以用柔軟布及溫和的洗滌劑(如廚房用洗滌劑和肥皂水)清潔機體。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMRLsZOwG3Q8ShP8IOEn9ee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:不要直接向機體淋水;不要使用去污粉、稀釋劑或含有酒精或煤油的產品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJtZrFJcu49mGkwF9dkcuRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗玻璃及窗密封墊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOvQh6X7MT9SzTOBkQNSrLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣機每次使用結束后,清除窗密封墊上的物件;擦去窗玻璃及窗密封墊上的線屑及污垢;適時打開機門進行通風。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntfgEcutqowXB8wCfSFej1d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗滌劑盒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhf9WKMeBTIOrKHHA5bpwzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗滌劑盒需要定時清洗,避免洗滌劑殘留并滋生出霉菌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHwgjUIbQ0X5g8CU3HcoFoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、按壓洗滌劑盒,彈開后再向外拉出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWfpVTi1YwP9G1GtqYRvjte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":494,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗滌劑盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14da0317ba324881962c603646aaaf53","width":623},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeTZzNj810jliV6Lht16Re"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按下中間凸起部即可安全拉出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZbKpFKqbavHMRf5iNIMEpQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗滌劑盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab31e31417eb49ce95f24c29ccc972dd","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcn3Hwl6y0tGOklG4tGL8qUzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、用雙手大拇指如圖小箭頭方向適當用力擴張,同時大拇指向上推出柔軟劑蓋子,將其從洗滌劑盒中取出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbUfZJNlIvJu9CFad5Fs1yb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":374,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗滌劑盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2154914b7c0e45ae96450f7c0110f6b9","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnFmO2kDrFaTghMLxuGiDUre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、用水將殘留的洗滌劑洗去,然后用布將洗滌劑盒上的水擦干凈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVSFcRngTqRnKMpGtJuHjIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、柔軟劑蓋子下壓到洗滌劑盒的原本位置。確認兩邊及后側的卡爪均到位,然后通過插入的方式裝回洗滌劑盒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLWL7yI0qCMuttoPAA84gIH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水過濾器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeKNs4zRr2XdlV8jEczEgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建議至少每個月清潔一次排水過濾器。過濾器會堆積線屑,使排水不暢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSKd3B8LWzbJvcpeSNygO0r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、關閉電源并拔下電源插頭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0JRqa9mILkpIQS4OLMuakf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按壓前蓋板B右側,打開前蓋板B,放置一個容器以接收排出的水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4lpk4Vev0nHhYRtXoAqUd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":362,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水過濾器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb718bfecc74449fa21dc64c9b0f56af","width":574},"text":"","id":"doxcnceByNzQubDiMHx5scd0Cjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水過濾器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5f6ac66f201e4f7fb84900e40cb8e997","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcno2blB77ezPs8h2bqaaCPYf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIF2BhFmFQEtJFeynXNcIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、拉出泵軟管,拔下管塞使水流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIF2BhFmFQEtJFeynXNcIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水過濾器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6aaf9d5af10a4d4787b4dda98a8ad4c4","width":575},"text":"","id":"doxcnkbr7IbRxLy3Ad9kzvnhFre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在水全部排出后,將排水過濾器逆時針轉動旋開。然后往外拉出。(松開排水過濾器要小心。可能會有更多水排出。這是正常現象。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYZBMrKgxrKhzn7whAVSS0e"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":340,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水過濾器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6c9bd73dab14633a7971e2993ec00a5","width":576},"text":"","id":"doxcnWNh2OeNbGx9WHYRjhOravg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水過濾器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0c12664389f541749e88325cfdea0913","width":579},"text":"","id":"doxcnDwwdJrBek4NbUBVAxBAbIh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhN12wgEV5qax9ZweKqDYqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、清除上面的毛絨及線屑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhN12wgEV5qax9ZweKqDYqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、回排水過濾器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLvCbwwcdtyLh8WGMQd4X3u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、將管塞塞回泵軟管中,裝回原位置,關閉前蓋板B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9OR0rxjnW6kFuIFc0W3xzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、注意:排放熱水時務必小心;排水過濾器務必順時針轉動旋進到位,否則將造成漏水,并導致前蓋板無法正常關閉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEtplZWsuPTASPh8G8wWzzf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"進水閥過濾網","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSeccBbfzBbJVf3fcecq8Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定期取下進水管,清除過濾網上的污垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOrfaOTmiCcxIerqZCKIMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"為防止濺水,取下進水管前,請按以下步驟進行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndI75WRHmvbGi4KQEi9nzvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、關閉水龍頭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAOpW9z3rJRaZmKDaJ76ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按下電源鍵打開電源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQliQpMfiMfiRqEaa8KEFqn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、按下一鍵智洗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntMCIvbcyNq223dEVQpDCqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、1分鐘后關閉電源。水已從進水管中排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsRLfyZLvmfnR56eEHP0Jnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、擰松進水管將其取下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IhKZdfSizul90KdVwiK1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、使用牙刷來的小刷子,清潔洗衣機背面的進水閥過濾網。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxTB5uKgQgTbRo6e8k0aC9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"進水閥過濾網","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a65f0fb52055461cbb88a381e7f11f85","width":729},"text":"","id":"doxcnhlUJX1OFExIiaeBZ5Q2xZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、重新連接進水管,打開水龍頭,檢查是否漏水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTqDo8RD2rmTNNj6F0isMUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLvn8so61EOV2N57YHqvCQd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

4. mk廠的好還是gs的廠表好

a203mk表示k個a203m,203gs表示s個203g。

5. 萬國表zf廠和mk廠哪個好

萬國7750機芯瑞士機芯。

萬國7750機芯是屬于Valjoux公司最著名的計時統芯,從問世到后來并入斯沃琪集團后邊成為現在ETA7750。7750機芯的計時中最重要的零件--凸輪,它最大的特點就是零件少、耐用性高,用精密設計的連桿,由按把經連桿推動凸輪,凸輪再推動連桿啟動或停止計時功能,

6. mks廠手表怎么樣

塔吊證也叫做特種操作資格證,由住房和城鄉建設廳頒發,有效期6年,2年要年審1次。報考塔吊證需要通過住房和城鄉建設部門官方指定的網上進行報名或者通過認可的專門培訓進行現場報名。

考試基本信息

報考條件

國家職業資格證書五級(初級)(具備下列條件之一者)

1、經本職業初級正規培訓達規定標準學時數,并取得結業證書。

2、在本職業連續見習工作2年以上。

國家職業資格證書四級(中級)(具備下列條件之一者)

1、取得本職業初級職業資格證書后,連續從事本職業工作1年,經本職業中級正規培訓達規定標準學時數,并取得結業證書。

2、取得本職業初級職業資格證書后,連續從事本職業工作3年以上。

3、連續從事本職業工作4年以上,經本職業中級正規培訓達規定標準學時數,并取得結業證書。

4、連續從事本職業工作6年以上。

5、取得經勞動和社會保障部門審核認定的、以中級技能為培養目標的中等以上職業學校相關專業的畢業證書。

國家職業資格證書三級(高級)(具備下列條件之一者)

1、取得本職業中級職業資格證書后,連續從事本職業工作2年以上,經本職業高級正規培訓達規定標準學時數,并取得結業證書。

2、取得本職業中級職業資格證書后,連續從事本職業工作4年以上。

3、連續從事本職業工作9年以上,經本職業高級正規培訓達規定標準學時數,并取得結業證書。

4、取得勞動保障行政部門審核認定的、以高級技能為培養目標的高級技工學校或高等職業學校相關專業的畢業證書。

5、取得本專業或相關專業大專以上畢業證書,經本職業高級正規培訓達規定標準學時數,并取得結業證書。

6、取得本專業或相關專業大專以上畢業證書,連續從事本職業工作2年以上。

登陸中華人民共和國應急管理部(http://www.mem.gov.cn/),選擇服務版塊,點擊全國安全培訓考試信息管理平臺(互聯網),注冊登陸。

報考時間&考試時間

駕駛員考試報名時間為:1月1日至12月31日,全年可隨時報考。

科目介紹

危險源告知、高空墜落、物體打擊

塔吊司機安全操作

1、操作人員應經培訓考試合格取得“特種作業人員操作證”后,憑操作證操作,嚴禁無證開機,嚴禁非駕駛人員進入駕駛室內。

2、開機前應認真檢查鋼絲繩、吊鉤、吊具有無磨損裂紋和損壞現象,傳動聯接部位螺釘是否松動,各部電器元件是否良好,線路連接是否安全可靠,傳動部分、潤滑部分是否正常,并進行空運轉,待一切正常后方可使用。行走式塔吊作業前,檢查軌道應平直,無沉陷,軌道螺栓無松動,排除軌道上的障礙物。

3、工作時應服從指揮,堅守崗位,集中精力,精心操作,嚴禁吊鉤有重物時離開駕駛室,操作中做到二慢一快, 即:起吊、下落慢,中間快。

4、下降吊鉤或吊物件時,如遇信號不明,發現下面有人或吊鉤前面有障礙物時應立即發出信號,服從指揮人員信號指揮。

5、操縱控制器時,應從停止點轉到第- -檔,然后依次按級增加速度,嚴禁越檔操作,提倡文明開機,開機時由慢到快,停機時由快到慢,機未停妥嚴禁變換行駛方向。

6、駕駛員必須服從指揮員的信號指揮,操作前應先鳴號后開機。

7、吊運重物應高于前進方向所有障礙物2米。

8、遇有下列情況嚴禁起吊:(1)起重指揮信號不明或亂指揮不吊;(2)超負荷不吊;(3)工作緊固不牢不吊;(4)吊物上有人不吊;(5)安裝裝置不靈不吊;(6)工件埋在地下不吊;(7)斜拉工件不吊;(8)光線陰暗看不清不吊;(9)小配件或短料盛過滿不吊;(10)棱角物件沒有采取包墊等護角措施不吊。

9、操作時發現塔吊工作不正常、安全裝置失靈應立即停止操作,切斷電源,匯報主管部門組織檢修,待正常后使用。在高空修理必須戴好安全帶。

10、下班前將吊鉤提升到離臂桿頂端23米處,松開回旋機構制動裝置,使其順風源自有擺動。

起重指揮

1、起重指揮應有技術熟練、懂得起重機械性能的人員擔任,指揮時應站到能夠顧到全面工作的地點,所發出的信號應事事統一,并做到準確、洪亮、清楚。

2、嚴禁酒后指揮作業。80T以上的設備及構件,風力達五級時應停止吊裝,遇到大雨、大雪、大霧或陣風達六級以上時,吊裝也應停止。

3、所有人員嚴禁在起重臂和吊起的重物下面停留或行走。

4、有缺陷的卸甲、軋頭嚴禁使用。

5、鋼絲繩如有扭結、變形、斷絲、銹蝕等異常現象,應降低使用標準或報廢。

6、編結繩扣應使各股松緊一致, 編結部分的長度不得小于鋼絲繩直徑的五倍,并且不短于30cm,用軋頭軋成的繩扣,軋頭不少于三只。

7、腐朽木材不得做地錨使用,如發現有溝坑,地下管線等情況,應及時報告施工負責人采取措施。

考試日程安排

體檢

在取得塔吊工作證之前,首先要前往安監部門線下申請。獲得申請之后,進行體檢確認是否具有塔吊的相關身體條件。體檢地方可以選擇當地的疾病控制中心或者正規醫院,做完體檢后,取得考試人員的健康證。

體檢包括、視力、四肢。

相關材料

按照相關規定,從事塔吊行業的年齡規定為18歲~60歲之間。準備身份證、學歷證明(畢業證)就可以了,擁有初中以上文化。

申請

拿著相關材料到當地的行政服務中心大廳找到安監局窗口進行報名,工作人員會給一張《特種作業安全技術培訓考核申請表》,根據申請表上的要求,進行填寫。

考試科目

理論考試:一百道題(選擇加判斷)

實操科目:倒樁加九項,九項抽選。

必考為:倒樁加移庫、側方位停車、半坡起步。

再抽選其它一項,例如百米加減檔、壓井蓋、直角拐彎、起伏路、限速限寬門等。

路考(抽白天考或夜考,二抽一)

題型和分值

理論考試是筆試形式,實行百分制,六十分及格,考試時長為兩個小時。一般理論考試不會太難,都是些基礎知識。

實操考試滿分100分,要70分及格,并且有一次當場補考的機會。

塔吊實操考試的規則是,在兩分鐘之內操作吊鉤,從指定地點A落到指定地點B,視為考試合格。超時一分鐘扣15分,超時兩分鐘扣30分,碰到障礙物扣15分。

合格標準

理論考試是筆試形式,實行百分制,六十分及格。

實操考試滿分100分,要70分及格。

證書領取

塔吊證通過理論和實踐操作考試成績合格后,一般一個月左右出證。相關規定是特種作業操作證一般約為20天到30天左右取得操作證證書。

本人領取:需攜帶有效身份證件。

他人代領:需攜帶代領人及持證人有效身份證件。

郵寄領取:因疫情原因,許多考區推薦采取郵寄的方式發放,考生依照要求填寫本人郵寄信息,證書到達一般需本人持身份證件進行領取。

各地領取方式略有不同,具體領取要求以當地發布通知為準。

備考方法

備考資料

有不少學員因為操作不熟練,考試超時導致不通過,所以有條件的學員還是要多多練習,實際動手操作,通過的幾率才更大。

起重作業的培訓要求和目標:

1.掌握蒸汽吊裝時右手手柄控制吊鉤升降的使用方法和安全注意事項。

2.掌握左手柄的使用方法和安全注意事項,以控制小鉤在蒸汽提升過程中的升降。

3.掌握蒸汽吊車右手把的使用方法和安全注意事項,以控制吊臂的升降。

4.掌握左手柄的操作方法,控制蒸汽吊車的上部左右轉動。

穩鉤操作的訓練要求和目標

1.掌握蒸汽吊車狀態下穩定吊鉤的安全操作程序和要領。

2.掌握蒸汽吊車吊掛時小鉤的安全操作程序和要領。

3.掌握蒸汽起重機負載不同重量時起重臂的操作方法和要領。

掌握蒸汽吊裝不同載荷時伸縮臂的操作方法和要領。

塔吊司機必須掌握基本的安全知識和技能

口訣

上塔前,聽我言,羅嗦幾句莫心煩。

莫帶物,兩手空,手腳利索身體輕。

有工具,裝袋里,系牢繩索拔上去。

工具在你口袋裝,攀爬掉落把人傷。

爬梯,步步停,一步登天不可能。

手抓穩,腳踩牢,不要老是往上瞧。

是多高,還是多高,慢慢攀爬莫心焦。

到塔頂,稍停,看看各處鋼絲繩。

排列齊,無毛病,安全才能有保證。

駕駛室,一平米,檔位開關加座椅。

雖然累,先莫坐,檢查電源無差錯。

安全帽,和手套,摘下放好下塔要。

坐在椅上,喘口氣,鳥瞰樓群和工地。

前俯身,往下看,今天工人該咋干?

頭略動,眼睛觀,建材分別在哪邊?

了然于胸心有數,有的放矢地走近路。

對講機,伸手拿,高速指揮開始吧!

操作規范

塔吊司機應在得到地面的指揮信號后進行操作,而且操作前應當按響電鈴,以提醒相關人員注意,塔機將要運行。

操作時應集中精力,隨時觀察吊鉤的運行情況和位置,注意周圍是否有障礙物存在。下班時,吊鉤須升到最高障礙物以上。

要熟練掌握重物慣性作用,提前降速和停車。要會運用穩鉤技術,就要學習慣性力產生原因的力學知識,靈活控制運行速度,準確對位,防止碰撞。

當塔吊下面有碰撞對象時,應提前升起吊鉤避免相碰,因為慣性擺動難以控制容易發生碰撞。反之放吊鉤時不能過低,以免吊鉤擺動傷人。

當有人在塔機上進行維修作業時,嚴禁啟動運行。

倒車移庫的注意事項

倒車

車輛與底線平行(前輪回正,可看方向盤和左前輪是否正) ,車身距8號線80-100厘米為宜。

掛倒擋,松手剎,離合器慢慢抬到半聯動,啟動后壓穩離合調整好車速,慢速向后倒車(左手單手打方向) ;回頭向右后方觀察車尾,當1、4桿即將重合時(20厘米左右,當車尾到達B庫中心線時),逐漸向右打死方向。

確認車身右方能安全通過2號桿時,身體轉至左邊觀察3、4號桿,并保持車尾與3號桿30厘米距離,當車尾即將入庫時,迅速左打(根據不同情況回打)、適量修正,保持車身與3、4號桿平行。觀察好車尾,隨時注意左右修正方向,保證車輪與地面線距離為30cm左右。 當車身即將到達A庫底線時,迅速停車(車上觀察,視覺上車尾剛過4號桿,此時車尾剛好到達底線)。注意:第一次打死,早打點比晚打好,早打一點還可以回一把,晚打車過了就沒法調整了。

移庫

二進二退,將車叢車庫底完全移進右庫底,且除兩庫的中間共角線外,車輛的任何部位不碰線、不碰桿。

第一進(右左右) :

1、掛一擋,車起步后,立即將方向向右打死(2圈方向)。

2、當車頭左前角對準前中桿時,立即將方向向左打死(4圈方向) 2號桿對準車頭中部時,迅速向石回2圈方向(即方向回正)。

第一退(右左右):

1、換倒擋,起步后,迅速向右打死并保持。

2、當水槽對準3號桿時,迅速向左打死方向(4圈方向)。 (從左倒車鏡觀察,當左后輪接近兩庫中線時,迅速將方向向左打死)。

3、當車身與庫中線平行時(從左倒車鏡觀察) ,迅速將方向向右回正,(2圈方向) 當身尾接近底線時,一下就行了。

技巧:第一次進道盡量多往右一些,這樣第二次進退象征性調整。

第二進:起步后, 根據軍身情況,適量往右打方向,再往左打方向,然后向右回正方向(通過三把方向,使車再向右平行移動一小塊), 在車不碰前桿的距離,停車。

第二退:后退時,視車身、邊線平行的情況,適度調整后,接近底線時,停車,此時車身不能出任何一條邊線,四個輪應在B庫各條線內。

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無磨損裂紋和損壞現象,傳動聯接部位螺釘是否松動,各部電器元件是否良好,線路連接是否安全可靠,傳動部分、潤滑部分是否正常,并進行空運轉,待一切正常后方可使用。行走式塔吊作業前,檢查軌道應平直,無沉陷,軌道螺栓無松動,排除軌道上的障礙物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny4gMIQocY6CeUKjlfwATT2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、工作時應服從指揮,堅守崗位,集中精力,精心操作,嚴禁吊鉤有重物時離開駕駛室,操作中做到二慢一快, 即:起吊、下落慢,中間快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2aki2Sk0uwueuUdfkLykc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、下降吊鉤或吊物件時,如遇信號不明,發現下面有人或吊鉤前面有障礙物時應立即發出信號,服從指揮人員信號指揮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwKceQEIkEMyglKs2W6MZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、操縱控制器時,應從停止點轉到第- -檔,然后依次按級增加速度,嚴禁越檔操作,提倡文明開機,開機時由慢到快,停機時由快到慢,機未停妥嚴禁變換行駛方向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8euwm0QIUc244EbmYTknSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、駕駛員必須服從指揮員的信號指揮,操作前應先鳴號后開機。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cGMIKciCsgaKUI4NSk9Tg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、吊運重物應高于前進方向所有障礙物2米。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UIOMOYm4YeoOcFc1wLYAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、遇有下列情況嚴禁起吊:(1)起重指揮信號不明或亂指揮不吊;(2)超負荷不吊;(3)工作緊固不牢不吊;(4)吊物上有人不吊;(5)安裝裝置不靈不吊;(6)工件埋在地下不吊;(7)斜拉工件不吊;(8)光線陰暗看不清不吊;(9)小配件或短料盛過滿不吊;(10)棱角物件沒有采取包墊等護角措施不吊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwACMqO0aYcGI1alVyou3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、操作時發現塔吊工作不正常、安全裝置失靈應立即停止操作,切斷電源,匯報主管部門組織檢修,待正常后使用。在高空修理必須戴好安全帶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOQE2eIIcKmiUbSnNBh7Lc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、下班前將吊鉤提升到離臂桿頂端23米處,松開回旋機構制動裝置,使其順風源自有擺動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne8Ue8C2004U8uSJtbn9Zxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"起重指揮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAa8Ucm8kKA6yh1q4HiBW0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、起重指揮應有技術熟練、懂得起重機械性能的人員擔任,指揮時應站到能夠顧到全面工作的地點,所發出的信號應事事統一,并做到準確、洪亮、清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6MEkIuoM2Y8ECahXM54eCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、嚴禁酒后指揮作業。80T以上的設備及構件,風力達五級時應停止吊裝,遇到大雨、大雪、大霧或陣風達六級以上時,吊裝也應停止。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUYyyCwCEuiewP53v2m5ef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、所有人員嚴禁在起重臂和吊起的重物下面停留或行走。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQgk0Was6WgcplkUGQHnjt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、有缺陷的卸甲、軋頭嚴禁使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWGc6iaGgacIkCEyFGRXuHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、鋼絲繩如有扭結、變形、斷絲、銹蝕等異常現象,應降低使用標準或報廢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcQIWGYokaukiucuQSVZ4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、編結繩扣應使各股松緊一致, 編結部分的長度不得小于鋼絲繩直徑的五倍,并且不短于30cm,用軋頭軋成的繩扣,軋頭不少于三只。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2Uag00CwUO0KitqieEcMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、腐朽木材不得做地錨使用,如發現有溝坑,地下管線等情況,應及時報告施工負責人采取措施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6ay2q6YAKeG047MjUxuNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考試日程安排","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSWsCEoQ8mSia2p1664nYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"體檢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGycaIQ4WYGyIUZuz8tVEuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在取得塔吊工作證之前,首先要前往安監部門線下申請。獲得申請之后,進行體檢確認是否具有塔吊的相關身體條件。體檢地方可以選擇當地的疾病控制中心或者正規醫院,做完體檢后,取得考試人員的健康證。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSMksGyokQkE6GGqWksTFRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"體檢包括、視力、四肢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyco6e0Yekeu06Xh91UYFMc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"相關材料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAagmmGIyScq4LCs4ejW5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照相關規定,從事塔吊行業的年齡規定為18歲~60歲之間。準備身份證、學歷證明(畢業證)就可以了,擁有初中以上文化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4IwOce2eS2AEmUKf2Zudb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"申請","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Y0EA6yaiQOeADQnatH4ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿著相關材料到當地的行政服務中心大廳找到安監局窗口進行報名,工作人員會給一張《特種作業安全技術培訓考核申請表》,根據申請表上的要求,進行填寫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUg22EOoWW0S6pfNqJ4Kcc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考試科目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw2OskgkWkamKcA9W9g0yXl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"理論考試:一百道題(選擇加判斷)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWk4Oci8wws0eM5bjbcVVRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"實操科目:倒樁加九項,九項抽選。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauoamw8Mac4IkR5zguVuwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"必考為:倒樁加移庫、側方位停車、半坡起步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnckWQoCCQc8WkiWillKWeSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再抽選其它一項,例如百米加減檔、壓井蓋、直角拐彎、起伏路、限速限寬門等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQEyeS4GC04Ke8EmZmUhSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"路考(抽白天考或夜考,二抽一)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACsuWwYqAcCEX92BbyUteH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"題型和分值","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22qieMm0cGuuOWartH2hsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"理論考試是筆試形式,實行百分制,六十分及格,考試時長為兩個小時。一般理論考試不會太難,都是些基礎知識。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQog2aQeOMi0kdibmudM9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"實操考試滿分100分,要70分及格,并且有一次當場補考的機會。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EeYQ4ioI4gyqEQGxf076L"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"塔吊實操考試的規則是,在兩分鐘之內操作吊鉤,從指定地點A落到指定地點B,視為考試合格。超時一分鐘扣15分,超時兩分鐘扣30分,碰到障礙物扣15分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniw00C0wIkY60whEOsiFPBf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"合格標準","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQS0YkCSsKQGq0YiXKLM8Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"理論考試是筆試形式,實行百分制,六十分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuSwkm4EYQge2GWU3qUe9sh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"實操考試滿分100分,要70分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQuO4KGmcUgOaE9dzbasWg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"證書領取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmu0YYGOweykbKjTNqozJF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"塔吊證通過理論和實踐操作考試成績合格后,一般一個月左右出證。相關規定是特種作業操作證一般約為20天到30天左右取得操作證證書。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8YG2WKc0iqkfWFQz4C5b2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本人領取:需攜帶有效身份證件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny4Q88su80a2O6Y0bJicmjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"他人代領:需攜帶代領人及持證人有效身份證件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniqaQc4CQCsAsSEKdiU01Ab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"郵寄領取:因疫情原因,許多考區推薦采取郵寄的方式發放,考生依照要求填寫本人郵寄信息,證書到達一般需本人持身份證件進行領取。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6aYUwYoIimIcBPYtTax9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各地領取方式略有不同,具體領取要求以當地發布通知為準。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoWOokAUacqkMhECrh88gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"備考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMY0WqcW8ai4Gknwpy2hllg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"備考資料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncKwiSECea0uW8v3eJ7u3yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有不少學員因為操作不熟練,考試超時導致不通過,所以有條件的學員還是要多多練習,實際動手操作,通過的幾率才更大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncCyU2ey42Y6sYhxTroADze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"起重作業的培訓要求和目標:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4CGKAk0CCmcOsHNxzQlhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.掌握蒸汽吊裝時右手手柄控制吊鉤升降的使用方法和安全注意事項。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4SOa0iuUAUwZIprxz09hi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.掌握左手柄的使用方法和安全注意事項,以控制小鉤在蒸汽提升過程中的升降。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCmeCgwEqmA46SdAOi3LKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.掌握蒸汽吊車右手把的使用方法和安全注意事項,以控制吊臂的升降。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncSKU2Q6k2SoyYpCHDuMEBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.掌握左手柄的操作方法,控制蒸汽吊車的上部左右轉動。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8sMuWUOIkcsIYphEzN0dBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"穩鉤操作的訓練要求和目標","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIYuoAsUow0gNcSKuIook1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.掌握蒸汽吊車狀態下穩定吊鉤的安全操作程序和要領。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kUIwICimKamy8MXvSPMbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.掌握蒸汽吊車吊掛時小鉤的安全操作程序和要領。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6CKUOWwAkGEOegNDX5q4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.掌握蒸汽起重機負載不同重量時起重臂的操作方法和要領。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkESkkqWqOGkEWERC5Lzxge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握蒸汽吊裝不同載荷時伸縮臂的操作方法和要領。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACyIco2Mse0OKWULBxhWqk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"塔吊司機必須掌握基本的安全知識和技能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUya2aia68yOQK5pLdUuSR3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"口訣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4muY4goIay48oJyTsKv5yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上塔前,聽我言,羅嗦幾句莫心煩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwoSAOUO4MmcYT4hwg3Wph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"莫帶物,兩手空,手腳利索身體輕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeMOkisWkIco6RlrEkUzLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有工具,裝袋里,系牢繩索拔上去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIgUW2WOQI6iCYmHGPRN0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具在你口袋裝,攀爬掉落把人傷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw20S4u0IemYAXYa4yOIZO5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爬梯,步步停,一步登天不可能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGMAWWoGE6uMMFih2Ed3fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手抓穩,腳踩牢,不要老是往上瞧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyuwWu2Uye8wQMTNs6glMte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是多高,還是多高,慢慢攀爬莫心焦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM2ke0io8MOaaUfxsbsusCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"到塔頂,稍停,看看各處鋼絲繩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagYO8YeEw2IgTrSpGGlMEM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排列齊,無毛病,安全才能有保證。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcc8scsU2kmuSGBtbK8wmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"駕駛室,一平米,檔位開關加座椅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOESUkYAcC8MiSsUV2rm3Ye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然累,先莫坐,檢查電源無差錯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny4qS2uSCKA6sGKGl7Q389g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安全帽,和手套,摘下放好下塔要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgGmaemkW0eQO0Rts2MkLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐在椅上,喘口氣,鳥瞰樓群和工地。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY6oQkOMySA4cQ5qNcaagDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前俯身,往下看,今天工人該咋干?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4Gw0YmOKWwu8zdVFuXKHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"頭略動,眼睛觀,建材分別在哪邊?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuq8wC0KqiuighydYrKBJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"了然于胸心有數,有的放矢地走近路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4yMYeMKQEOYMgX1FVe7zKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對講機,伸手拿,高速指揮開始吧! ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGyq6MOWAOGOUeMcFHZnhRx"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"操作規范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gIiioWyImu0e4ZbCYm7vd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"塔吊司機應在得到地面的指揮信號后進行操作,而且操作前應當按響電鈴,以提醒相關人員注意,塔機將要運行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKm48KeouG2G6x3zNepJ8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"操作時應集中精力,隨時觀察吊鉤的運行情況和位置,注意周圍是否有障礙物存在。下班時,吊鉤須升到最高障礙物以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQEEyWKcsa4s6dHaHNqdPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要熟練掌握重物慣性作用,提前降速和停車。要會運用穩鉤技術,就要學習慣性力產生原因的力學知識,靈活控制運行速度,準確對位,防止碰撞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKEGQaMqk6ak6kt5TGp45Sh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當塔吊下面有碰撞對象時,應提前升起吊鉤避免相碰,因為慣性擺動難以控制容易發生碰撞。反之放吊鉤時不能過低,以免吊鉤擺動傷人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno24CCAG04qAEsrgJSKwgac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當有人在塔機上進行維修作業時,嚴禁啟動運行。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikqwyIKUIka6alhlbaNBbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"倒車移庫的注意事項","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2mk8AkeqoKK4SGmzy7sWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"倒車","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8sqSuCUkyOaGaCWvzvtvRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"車輛與底線平行(前輪回正,可看方向盤和左前輪是否正) ,車身距8號線80-100厘米為宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIYAyyI6G28gCEfZ83L1l8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"掛倒擋,松手剎,離合器慢慢抬到半聯動,啟動后壓穩離合調整好車速,慢速向后倒車(左手單手打方向) ;回頭向右后方觀察車尾,當1、4桿即將重合時(20厘米左右,當車尾到達B庫中心線時),逐漸向右打死方向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqQqqIsWOcUaWecsCXnp1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"確認車身右方能安全通過2號桿時,身體轉至左邊觀察3、4號桿,并保持車尾與3號桿30厘米距離,當車尾即將入庫時,迅速左打(根據不同情況回打)、適量修正,保持車身與3、4號桿平行。觀察好車尾,隨時注意左右修正方向,保證車輪與地面線距離為30cm左右。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 當車身即將到達A庫底線時,迅速停車(車上觀察,視覺上車尾剛過4號桿,此時車尾剛好到達底線)。注意:第一次打死,早打點比晚打好,早打一點還可以回一把,晚打車過了就沒法調整了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOwOmIgcGiAKaO4gk0sMqXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"移庫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAyakYSAeg8oikRtQixaDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二進二退,將車叢車庫底完全移進右庫底,且除兩庫的中間共角線外,車輛的任何部位不碰線、不碰桿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0G2Cc2QqAU2oItnoKjF9Hg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一進(右左右) :","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno02k4mGgSCAGETfh9LYhZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、掛一擋,車起步后,立即將方向向右打死(2圈方向)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GYWg2KKAQqmop8gZDzFvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、當車頭左前角對準前中桿時,立即將方向向左打死(4圈方向) 2號桿對準車頭中部時,迅速向石回2圈方向(即方向回正)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno628QiaG0O8KUwAtcDyRrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一退(右左右):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmy4eY0UYYww6Ss4nacMfud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、換倒擋,起步后,迅速向右打死并保持。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUKwAWmkyqAGEIz4y6c7x4C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、當水槽對準3號桿時,迅速向左打死方向(4圈方向)。 (從左倒車鏡觀察,當左后輪接近兩庫中線時,迅速將方向向左打死)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneSG2cQYkwUK6usAxIuM1ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、當車身與庫中線平行時(從左倒車鏡觀察) ,迅速將方向向右回正,(2圈方向) 當身尾接近底線時,一下就行了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYOwUuEO6a0QKouCGwqzfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"技巧:第一次進道盡量多往右一些,這樣第二次進退象征性調整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMMYeO2cMGyq8K4r11CHhCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二進:起步后, 根據軍身情況,適量往右打方向,再往左打方向,然后向右回正方向(通過三把方向,使車再向右平行移動一小塊), 在車不碰前桿的距離,停車。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsMGwwSmEeQUewd4EaiCHxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二退:后退時,視車身、邊線平行的情況,適度調整后,接近底線時,停車,此時車身不能出任何一條邊線,四個輪應在B庫各條線內。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakUqWIm4yUSKSOQIKjVdCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWk0CkAeUyCCiUbc3eZGPc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
原標題:

n廠mk廠的手表怎么樣(fk廠手表與mk廠哪個好)

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