圍棋起源于中國，中國古代稱為“弈”，距今已有4000多年的歷史。圍棋使用矩形格狀棋盤及黑白二色圓形棋子進行對弈，棋子必須走在空格非禁著點的交叉點上，雙方交替行棋，落子后不能移動或悔棋，以目數多者為勝。

圍棋組成

棋盤

圍棋盤是方形的，由縱橫各19條線組成。19╳19形成了361個交叉點。上有九個星，最中間的稱“天元”，“元”是第一的意思，“天元”意為天空最高點。

棋子

圍棋的棋子分為黑白兩色，黑子181枚，白子180枚，黑白子加起來是361枚，恰好和棋盤的點數相同。

圍棋規則

對局雙方各執一色棋子，空枰開局，黑先白后，交替著一子于棋盤的點上。棋子下定后，不再向其他點移動。輪流下子是雙方的權利，但允許任何一方放棄下子權而使用虛著。

一個棋子在棋盤上，與它直線緊鄰的空點是這個棋子的“氣“”。直線緊鄰的點上如果有同色棋子存在，這些棋子就相互連接成一個不可分割的整體。直線緊鄰的點上如果有異色棋子存在，此處的氣便不存在。棋子如失去所有的氣，就不能在棋盤上存在。

把無氣之子清理出棋盤的手段叫提子。提子有二種：下子后，對方棋子無氣，應立即提取對方無氣之子。下子后，雙方棋子都呈無氣狀態，應立即提取對方無氣之子。

棋盤上的任何一點,如某方下子后，該子立即呈無氣狀態，同時又不能提取對方的棋子。這個點叫做“禁著點”。

棋局下到雙方一致確認著子完畢時，為終局。對局中有一方中途認輸時，為終局。雙方連續使用虛著，為終局。

終局時，經雙方確認，不能被提取的棋都是活棋。終局時，經雙方確認，能被提取的棋都是死棋。

圍棋術語

圍棋術語是在圍棋中用來表達某些特定概念和詞語的稱謂，它囊括了圍棋的專用名詞、理論知識以及競賽規則和對局經驗的許多內容，既是中國圍棋文化千百年來不斷發展的產物，也是人們學習圍棋應該掌握的基本常識。

基本概念

氣

在棋盤上，棋子與它直線緊緊相鄰的空交叉點，就是這個棋子的“氣”。單獨一個棋子的氣數不超過四氣，但兩個或兩個以上相連的棋子則可以有四氣以上。棋子若失去所有的氣，就成為死棋，不能在棋盤上存在。

目

棋盤上，被一方棋子所圍地域的空交叉點，稱之為“目”。一個交叉點即是1目，目的數量稱為“目數”。

空

用棋子圍成的地域。

地

（1）即地域或空。指已為某方占有的地區。

（2）形勢判斷用語。如“黑地六十目”，即指黑方可望在全局圍有六十目的地域。

（3）指占有子和“空”的總和。即棋子圍有的全部交叉點。

所包圍的目數和活棋本身之總和，稱為“地”。

提子

將對方無氣的棋子從棋盤上取下，稱為“提子”。

打劫

雙方可以輪流提取對方棋子的情況。圍棋規則規定，打劫時，被提取的一方不能直接提回，必須在其他地方找劫材使對方應一手之后方可提回。

真眼

由幾個連接在一起的棋子圍住一個或兩個空交叉點，則稱該點為真眼，簡稱“眼”。

假眼

由幾個沒有完全連接的棋子圍成了眼的形狀，稱為“假眼” 。在一定條件下，圍成假眼的棋子會被對方吃掉。

活棋

棋盤上凡是對方無法提取的棋即是活棋。活棋通常要具備兩只真眼。

死棋

棋盤上遲早能被對方提取的棋，即為死棋。死棋不具有兩只真眼。

雙活

雙方互圍的棋子均無兩只真眼，但又不能制殺對方時即為“雙活”，也稱“公活”。

禁著點

棋盤任一點，一方下子后，該棋子即呈無氣狀態，同時又不能提取對方的棋子，這個點就稱為該方的“禁著點”。一方不能下子的禁著點，對方可以下子。

布局

布局是一盤棋的先導，也是雙方進行陣容部署、各自搶占要點，為雙方接觸作戰作準備的階段。

定式

是指布局階段雙方在角部的爭奪中，按照一定的行棋次序，選擇比較合理的著法，最終形成雙方大體安定、利益大體均等的棋本棋形。定式的種類有星定式、小目定式、三三定式、目外定式、高目定式等。

中盤

指雙方在布局之后從短兵相接開始進行的全局性作戰階段。

收官

中盤作戰基本結束，雙方所占地域已經大致確定，進而使雙方屬地完全明確的一系列著法。

星

在棋盤坐標4·四的位置和棋盤正中央標有九個小圓點，術語稱為“星”。這九顆星，將棋盤大致劃分為左上角、右上角、左下角、右下角、上邊、下邊、左邊、右邊和中腹九個區域。

角

指棋盤四個角部星位內側的區域。

邊

指棋盤四個邊星兩側的區域。

天元

棋盤正中央的一顆星稱作“天元”。

小目

棋盤坐標3·四位置稱作“小目”。

高目

棋盤坐標4·五的位置稱作“高目”。

目外

棋盤坐標3·五的位置稱作“目外”。

三三

棋盤坐標3·三的位置稱為“三三”。

急所

指對局時，急需搶占的要點之處，無固定位置。

大場

指布局時，棋盤上下子后能夠開拆或分投之處。

天王山

"天王山"一詞是指在布局階段，雙方大勢力的消漲要點，表示盤面中雙方都應搶占的重要的位置。

俗稱

掛

布局時在一方有一子占據角部時，另一方在其附近間隔一路或二路的位置行棋，稱作“掛”。在三線行棋，稱為低掛，在四線行棋，稱為高掛。根據雙方棋子的相對位置，又可分為一間高掛、二間高掛、一間低掛、二間低掛和小飛掛、大飛掛等。掛的目的在于破壞或侵占對方所占的角部。

締

也稱為“締角”或“守角”。指在己方原有小目、高目或目外一子的基礎上，再下一著棋，使己方兩個子相互配合守角的著法。締角既有利于圍占角地，又可進一步控制和開拓邊上的大場，是布局階段常采用的著法。

長

雙方棋子緊貼著向同一方向行棋，先行的一方，棋子會始終高出對方一頭。長的著法能將己方的棋子連接成一個整體，這樣可以延長棋子的氣，既可以防止對方的攻擊，又便于伺機攻擊對方。

立

緊靠著己方原有的棋子，豎著向邊線方向下一子的著法。通常多指在二線或三線的行棋。

尖

在原有棋子的斜線上下一子。由于尖的步子較小，也稱其為“小尖”。在實戰中，尖是一種攻守兼備的下法，既能夠保持兩子間的連絡，又能夠出頭，控制行棋的方向。

飛

從原有棋子出發，向棋盤“日”字形的對角上下一子，叫小飛。若下在 “目”字形的對角上，就叫做大飛。飛還有一種形式，叫做象步飛。與象棋的象步走法相同。

壓

在己方有子力配合的情況下，將棋下在對方棋子的上面，其主要作用是壓制對方，擴張自己的外勢、使己方的棋更加厚實，強大。壓的著法往往還有聲東擊西的作用。

拆

從原有棋子的同一橫線上，向左或向右有間隔地下一子。如果間隔一路，稱為“拆一”，若是間隔二路，則稱 “拆二”，其余類推。

擋

在雙方棋子相互接觸時，直接阻攔對方侵入己方地域或阻止對方被圍的棋子向外沖出的著法。

碰

在無己方棋子接應時，緊靠著對方的棋子旁邊下一子，稱為碰。通常是用于試探對方怎樣應對，追求變化的一種手段。

靠

在有己方棋子作策應的情況下，緊貼對方棋子旁邊下一子。

搭

在己方棋子與對方棋子間隔一路的情況下，緊貼對方棋子的兩側下一子的著法。也稱作“搭靠”。

接

將可能被對方分斷的棋子連接成一體的著法。

粘

（zhān）指將被對方“打吃”的棋子與己方的其它棋子連接成一個整體的著法。

挖

在對方相隔一路的棋子中間下一子的著法。這種著法通常用在能夠分斷對方棋子，并能有效地攻擊對方的場合下。

夾

將對方棋子夾在我方兩子中間的著法。

滾

也稱滾打。指由己方先棄一、二子，然后把敵子打吃成凝聚形狀的著法過程。

打

也稱打吃。在對方棋子只有兩口氣時，再下一子，使其僅剩一口氣的狀態。

雙打

下一子同時打吃對方兩邊的棋子，形成兩者必得其一的著法。

提

下一子，使對方的棋子立即呈現無氣被吃狀態，隨即把被吃的死棋從棋盤上提取掉。

征

也稱做“征子”，是圍棋中吃棋子的一種方法，俗稱“拐羊頭”。被“征吃”一方的棋子因只有一口氣，如若沒有己方棋子接應，即使立即逃出，對方可按預定的行棋次序繼續緊氣追殺，最終會將其全部吃掉。

卡

（qiǎ）在對方棋形的要害處下一子，使其立即呈現某種缺陷的有效著法。

掖

緊挨著對方成“尖”形的兩個子旁邊下一子，具有約束對方棋形或使對方棋形出現斷點或缺陷的著法。

曲

將棋背向對方的棋子走成彎曲的形狀，稱為“曲”。

玉柱

在角部或邊上原有一子的基礎上再下立一子的著法。用于加強己方的形勢或穩固己方地域。

尖頂

緊靠對方的棋子下一子，在使己方棋子成“尖”形的同時，起到頂撞對方棋子的作用。

鼻頂

在對方棋形正前方頂住對方若干棋子的著法。

連

下一子，將兩處分開的棋子若即若離地取得聯絡，以保證大塊棋子安全的著法。連的常用著法有跳、關、拆、小飛、大飛、大跳等。

基本殺法

中局戰略

對對方的弱棋，特別是失去很據與其已成活的棋子沒有聯絡的孤棋進行攻擊，是中盤戰中爭取主動的重要手段。

遇到對方出現孤棋，一定抓住機會進行攻擊，爭取吃掉對方以獲取對局中的最大效率。這樣往往會引起激烈的戰斗，要經常審視圍殺中自己出現的問題，否則非但殲敵不成反會斷送自己。 在攻擊中完全殲滅對方一片棋的情況是不多的，多是通過攻擊獲得其他好處，其中之一即是擴展自己的領地，鞏固己之本來不穩固的領地，也通過攻孤棋來達到目的。 通過連續攻擊壓迫敵棋邊角，也加強自己的外勢，但要分析、計算好，在什么形勢下有利,什么形勢下不利。

從發展來看，治理孤棋首先考慮的是向中央出頭。不能出頭，被封住往往是吃虧的，除非逃不出時才行此下策。

當遇到攻擊，無法向中央出頭時，有機會、有條件時可以聯絡到自己另一塊棋上去。

如出頭和渡過均不可能時只得就地求活，如單獨活不成，則爭取雙活，如果雙活亦不成時，應停止這一帶的活動，停止得越早越好。

縮小眼

從周圍擠壓對方的棋的生存空間，使它不能有做成兩只真眼的空間。

點中心點

對方有一個中心點是做眼的要點，一旦被對手搶先，就能做出兩個或兩個以上的真眼。比如直三、彎三、刀把五、梅花六，這些棋形的中心點就是殺棋的要點。

打劫殺

在不能凈殺的情況下，可以通過打劫來殺死對方，職業棋手往往擅長利用劫爭一舉獲得優勢。所以有時雙方棋形的厚薄，劫材的多少，也是一盤棋的勝負關鍵，往往多一枚劫材就決定了大盤的勝負。

脹死牛

將對方點眼的棋子的外氣全部緊完，在對方虎口里走一子，然后打吃對方，使對方不能連，將其脹死，稱為“脹死牛”。

布局常識

布局指圍棋的開局走法，一般在幾手到幾十手的范圍內。局棋的進行一般由布局、中盤、官子三個階段構成，布局作為一局棋的初始階段，奠定了整個棋局的骨架與脈絡。對局雙方各自搶占棋盤上的空地，同時盡量阻止對方占地，由此導入中盤戰斗。圍棋有諺語“金龜銀邊莫肚皮”即以國突效率而言魚上最高、中腹最差。

圍棋基本布局

三連星

即在邊上星位連下三顆子，這一布局極易成大模樣。對于另一方來說，必須有“鉆地道"和"拆天橋”的能力，否則必敗無疑。 由于三個子都處在第四線上，故這種布局的側重點不是占角，而是向中央發展。三連星的用意在于取勢或構成模樣，中央是它的主要戰場，這是三連星的特征。

二連星

較之三連星，二連星更為靈活多變，速度也快，并可視局部變化取地或取勢，而不像三連星那樣很容易就走上單一取勢的道路。

中國流

它的外形與三連星相似，如果把它放平了看，有一種“橋”的感覺，因此在中國也叫做橋梁式布局。

相小目

黑1、3子占相鄰的兩個角，同以小目的四線一方指向白棋，稱為“相小目”。其特點是把著眼點集中在一方。

星小目

黑1、3用星和小目占相鄰兩角，稱為“星小目”

對戰心態

修身養性，切忌浮躁

棋手實戰時覺得局面都已占優，注意力不集中的情況下出現昏招，形勢頓時翻盤。接下來絕大多數棋手會立即要求再來一盤以求“報仇”，但是接下來的對局心態已失去了平常心，于是連下連敗以致一敗涂地。

具備謀略心機

謀略是為創造有利條件而實行的全盤性行動的計劃和策略，也就是創造致勝條件。這需要長期的對弈、總結、打譜的積累。

1、真正的進攻就要有收獲，就要使局面朝著有利于自己的方向發展，這叫做攻有所獲。

2、單純的防守不好，具有反擊的防守才真正具有威力，這叫做守中有攻。

3、在面對可能出現兩種有利局面的時候，選擇最大程度有利于自己取得勝利的局面。在面對可能出現兩種不利局面的時候，選擇最小程度不利于自己的局面。

4、尋找出進攻的機會和線路，熟練地運用各種技戰術，使局面朝理想方向發展，這叫做捕捉戰機。

5、中局作戰過程中，要時常對當前局面有清醒地認識，該攻則攻 ，當守則守，進攻的線路，防守的要點，都在審局度勢的范圍之中。

6、多算勝，少算不勝。

工具推薦

書籍

1、《圍棋入門一月通》 邱百瑞·著

2、《圍棋入門（修訂版）》翟燕生，徐瑩主編

3、《圍棋入門（圍棋自學速成寶典）》李燁·著

軟件

星陣圍棋

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忘憂圍棋

忘憂圍棋是一款專門針對手機用戶而自主研發的人工智能人機對弈圍棋游戲， 擁有較強的棋力并附帶近七萬局名手對局棋譜，是世上最完善的棋譜庫。同時忘憂圍棋還提供圍棋比賽直播功能，可以觀看職業棋手比賽的現場直播。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"圍棋起源于中國，中國古代稱為“弈”，距今已有4000多年的歷史。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"圍棋使用矩形格狀棋盤及黑白二色圓形棋子進行對弈，棋子必須走在空格非禁著點的交叉點上，雙方交替行棋，落子后不能移動或悔棋，以目數多者為勝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKAsYYYAIQOCaOQVBu3e7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"圍棋組成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22yWEoSk2u0EARXnbuqdhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6is28QqW2cIigHbsXMrzff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn0yq0aIgAAgu8s98rORsGIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圍棋盤是方形的，由縱橫各19條線組成。19╳19形成了361個交叉點。上有九個星，最中間的稱“天元”，“元”是第一的意思，“天元”意為天空最高點。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnogcmeCOGCeiiKOD16az2nh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyua6cUyUsysWi4eOlOQZrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":633,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcneMEg8AqCyS8coJQUi56znh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圍棋的棋子分為黑白兩色，黑子181枚，白子180枚，黑白子加起來是361枚，恰好和棋盤的點數相同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSIe06U4aaKSGGgBmDDrMLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"圍棋規則","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIaSMmYcESQ4oVuCCSCffe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對局雙方各執一色棋子，空枰開局，黑先白后，交替著一子于棋盤的點上。棋子下定后，不再向其他點移動。輪流下子是雙方的權利，但允許任何一方放棄下子權而使用虛著。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKSCsMAUiIgy0exb1eFT4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一個棋子在棋盤上，與它直線緊鄰的空點是這個棋子的“氣“”。直線緊鄰的點上如果有同色棋子存在，這些棋子就相互連接成一個不可分割的整體。直線緊鄰的點上如果有異色棋子存在，此處的氣便不存在。棋子如失去所有的氣，就不能在棋盤上存在。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6waWKMOUgGYUUZiV8Uz5Ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"把無氣之子清理出棋盤的手段叫提子。提子有二種：下子后，對方棋子無氣，應立即提取對方無氣之子。下子后，雙方棋子都呈無氣狀態，應立即提取對方無氣之子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8C2iaAyeAOO6WSedhU3plh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤上的任何一點,如某方下子后，該子立即呈無氣狀態，同時又不能提取對方的棋子。這個點叫做“禁著點”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIosCiqW80kcQnYVC6K1Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋局下到雙方一致確認著子完畢時，為終局。對局中有一方中途認輸時，為終局。雙方連續使用虛著，為終局。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsUiEmoGWwEwKaGiQY3mVqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"終局時，經雙方確認，不能被提取的棋都是活棋。終局時，經雙方確認，能被提取的棋都是死棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQ4ciUOumAUiiMuJDsS6yb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"圍棋術語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6A88eAIcI8cQvYVpTjk6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圍棋術語是在圍棋中用來表達某些特定概念和詞語的稱謂，它囊括了圍棋的專用名詞、理論知識以及競賽規則和對局經驗的許多內容，既是中國圍棋文化千百年來不斷發展的產物，也是人們學習圍棋應該掌握的基本常識。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmEaiCs2yS2yMwhGdUtBCDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCISIGY4YK4M87y1rhXExe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"氣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsE84yay6WUWAIYeAn5G0fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在棋盤上，棋子與它直線緊緊相鄰的空交叉點，就是這個棋子的“氣”。單獨一個棋子的氣數不超過四氣，但兩個或兩個以上相連的棋子則可以有四氣以上。棋子若失去所有的氣，就成為死棋，不能在棋盤上存在。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiCoCis4ic6oAZhoM73WFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":348,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcngA4OoKa6MWQ86mdwYYFUxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu4gQMaGWEOeg2n7xVfyhse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤上，被一方棋子所圍地域的空交叉點，稱之為“目”。一個交叉點即是1目，目的數量稱為“目數”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMkW264GEoOCWqeQo5vdKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":322,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnOGEmEMoWe6Ge2yL7OUxykb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"空","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWcSy06SQwYyeGERyFcbM0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用棋子圍成的地域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEC8Oca0oCSSYklbbtTCeKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn8CQQ60cEcAIoewuGkdewVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"地","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOgwmiewkG8wO8OqWPfxFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）即地域或空。指已為某方占有的地區。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayGYsOaaASciY3bWiYfUpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）形勢判斷用語。如“黑地六十目”，即指黑方可望在全局圍有六十目的地域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuO04YcqkkwMWiGYUWScyih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）指占有子和“空”的總和。即棋子圍有的全部交叉點。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno2QsE0686WycSm3s6h4kze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所包圍的目數和活棋本身之總和，稱為“地”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqgoi6cWomAIkT6HS5dmHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnYOo4O8iC0owO2L5AZzRp5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneyi4iGYkQ0YqOw9rerucrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"將對方無氣的棋子從棋盤上取下，稱為“提子”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCYeIi22Ge2WO67HeokUle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":635,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnCwYyIkACkSm62njquwFhJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"打劫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUGSI4UAmyIMmUmG3RsPrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙方可以輪流提取對方棋子的情況。圍棋規則規定，打劫時，被提取的一方不能直接提回，必須在其他地方找劫材使對方應一手之后方可提回。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mUSCMwI2qyA6ZqBrzZOrc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnq6MiKAogQywI8rP2YyURxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"真眼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKoc6kiwA6MK8Tr55t1Hif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由幾個連接在一起的棋子圍住一個或兩個空交叉點，則稱該點為真眼，簡稱“眼”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG6wyYi0oCK8yQH49BSvUbd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":208,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQ0E22sg84wAAjyLNKjnPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"假眼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqsKuu4yg4oYeAYLlxAiqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由幾個沒有完全連接的棋子圍成了眼的形狀，稱為“假眼” 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"id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMM2YygqEAyIWuQcxhoXPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"尖頂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2qWy0c2OSAgI2zz95LCP6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"緊靠對方的棋子下一子，在使己方棋子成“尖”形的同時，起到頂撞對方棋子的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmgigi8YicAS4ucuugQHGle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"鼻頂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSKus6oMiMICWj2FUfKBbPO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在對方棋形正前方頂住對方若干棋子的著法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUGgokGyYYIIIEFiatQuB5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"連","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgGUGu8eWUc6cJJx7WDzPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一子，將兩處分開的棋子若即若離地取得聯絡，以保證大塊棋子安全的著法。連的常用著法有跳、關、拆、小飛、大飛、大跳等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIuYgWUiUAUcK4pbcS0CLTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本殺法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8OwQEKI6IGy8vLt8k63hh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中局戰略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AOyYs0coSSE6LoNQxeYMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對對方的弱棋，特別是失去很據與其已成活的棋子沒有聯絡的孤棋進行攻擊，是中盤戰中爭取主動的重要手段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWmw6k6cMmIoGaa6npvpZ6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遇到對方出現孤棋，一定抓住機會進行攻擊，爭取吃掉對方以獲取對局中的最大效率。這樣往往會引起激烈的戰斗，要經常審視圍殺中自己出現的問題，否則非但殲敵不成反會斷送自己。 在攻擊中完全殲滅對方一片棋的情況是不多的，多是通過攻擊獲得其他好處，其中之一即是擴展自己的領地，鞏固己之本來不穩固的領地，也通過攻孤棋來達到目的。 通過連續攻擊壓迫敵棋邊角，也加強自己的外勢，但要分析、計算好，在什么形勢下有利,什么形勢下不利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsOG4wK2KyEuQ3zxUqbS8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從發展來看，治理孤棋首先考慮的是向中央出頭。不能出頭，被封住往往是吃虧的，除非逃不出時才行此下策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIwcAOM2cO6wucALeRD7Og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當遇到攻擊，無法向中央出頭時，有機會、有條件時可以聯絡到自己另一塊棋上去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ag8IAmE4eUQGCP5JeRkYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如出頭和渡過均不可能時只得就地求活，如單獨活不成，則爭取雙活，如果雙活亦不成時，應停止這一帶的活動，停止得越早越好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniISGEy4qwS4uGBg5Lg6Tob"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中局戰略","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnYCICEWCqGG6CYt9QqBHBAd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"縮小眼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk8ySMgGSs4C2HlEQk8qFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從周圍擠壓對方的棋的生存空間，使它不能有做成兩只真眼的空間。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngwu44G8kkgEyi21WKFtqXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"縮小眼","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcngUGGcQaKieMwO2zBSJtBMd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"點中心點","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCAcmegQiW0UCejTephuxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對方有一個中心點是做眼的要點，一旦被對手搶先，就能做出兩個或兩個以上的真眼。比如直三、彎三、刀把五、梅花六，這些棋形的中心點就是殺棋的要點。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsQkMKUaIckWGOU6E2bnhc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"點中心點","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnYuWcioQwGqGoiYLSRPE3ac"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"打劫殺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0UUEuM6yEgI0nQaXLEAzy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在不能凈殺的情況下，可以通過打劫來殺死對方，職業棋手往往擅長利用劫爭一舉獲得優勢。所以有時雙方棋形的厚薄，劫材的多少，也是一盤棋的勝負關鍵，往往多一枚劫材就決定了大盤的勝負。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGmcK0maaQaaA3tL3gXRIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"打劫殺","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnUqqmeemwia0sN7kKYLatrH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脹死牛","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOumUaoYIYOQq4GAZov7Ofb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"將對方點眼的棋子的外氣全部緊完，在對方虎口里走一子，然后打吃對方，使對方不能連，將其脹死，稱為“脹死牛”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKcMCsgci0mEOyCtKdDKAh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脹死牛","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn62iQCq62MOUYwrjJIBTGzf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局常識","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKUaiGss6AiAW8RvnzxmJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局指圍棋的開局走法，一般在幾手到幾十手的范圍內。局棋的進行一般由布局、中盤、官子三個階段構成，布局作為一局棋的初始階段，奠定了整個棋局的骨架與脈絡。對局雙方各自搶占棋盤上的空地，同時盡量阻止對方占地，由此導入中盤戰斗。圍棋有諺語“金龜銀邊莫肚皮”即以國突效率而言魚上最高、中腹最差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuO4uMY4qsI4C6B1lNnN84c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"圍棋基本布局 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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aOYq0k4Y68AyM1U6DKYoe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":496,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三連星","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnSC2MiGak46eocnQEicDFuh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二連星","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4MgMqogI2GwgVGVqS2wsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"較之三連星，二連星更為靈活多變，速度也快，并可視局部變化取地或取勢，而不像三連星那樣很容易就走上單一取勢的道路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiSyieaMQKsovJKOhesOgK"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":537,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二連星","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn8qASQ80YGysWyWChdgTJCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中國流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUWo2M806EEiqyLYO7E4zx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它的外形與三連星相似，如果把它放平了看，有一種“橋”的感覺，因此在中國也叫做橋梁式布局。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMmagius6WaIzgLUy2xymI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":584,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中國流","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnmqQqQceSgkkAo7MimsSr6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"相小目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIq2M4y2kQC8ucslCtq0zh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"黑1、3子占相鄰的兩個角，同以小目的四線一方指向白棋，稱為“相小目”。其特點是把著眼點集中在一方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIiyWmk2UG2Ew8p4Gpuc60f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":498,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"相小目","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn0u24CiGOgEcMk1rkA8sIjc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"星小目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyYE28YM6cgICGKWBn0fLac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"黑1、3用星和小目占相鄰兩角，稱為“星小目”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyWsEoKsICAYU6jEL0Ufrqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"星小目","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnkGQeU6Iey80GKEAmw6o3Jb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"對戰心態","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqqk6AuuEqmoio3C8o0LId"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"修身養性，切忌浮躁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOEymm0oiWYMgWkjekxeqhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋手實戰時覺得局面都已占優，注意力不集中的情況下出現昏招，形勢頓時翻盤。接下來絕大多數棋手會立即要求再來一盤以求“報仇”，但是接下來的對局心態已失去了平常心，于是連下連敗以致一敗涂地。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOaw4MCYW20sEv1TEfhjWmG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具備謀略心機","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iKwmeI006iAsJPAdNgHoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"謀略是為創造有利條件而實行的全盤性行動的計劃和策略，也就是創造致勝條件。這需要長期的對弈、總結、打譜的積累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmG8UK408cGWyW8RPUErdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、真正的進攻就要有收獲，就要使局面朝著有利于自己的方向發展，這叫做攻有所獲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oEECKQm2iggEn8qlkJPpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、單純的防守不好，具有反擊的防守才真正具有威力，這叫做守中有攻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4WaEqA28IYoqk9sKLehUqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在面對可能出現兩種有利局面的時候，選擇最大程度有利于自己取得勝利的局面。在面對可能出現兩種不利局面的時候，選擇最小程度不利于自己的局面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWWkogwikM4GOum3U7IZorf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、尋找出進攻的機會和線路，熟練地運用各種技戰術，使局面朝理想方向發展，這叫做捕捉戰機。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0ccwsKkwCc4MpwkLEdFWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、中局作戰過程中，要時常對當前局面有清醒地認識，該攻則攻 ，當守則守，進攻的線路，防守的要點，都在審局度勢的范圍之中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuwyS444OQqmOMjMFQIF6ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、多算勝，少算不勝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMc86AawemMOSYYnLv3pod"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具推薦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UoQEi2SaMkMkbMQqB5eFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"書籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8A0o0CwC6IyY3IodkYv4J"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《圍棋入門一月通》 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也可以使用電腦網頁版。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWmUQyOMwowmwScTNWDaiC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弈城圍棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00Qu8MMI6wMgwPKeLzbjac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"弈城圍棋網成立于2005年，是老牌知名圍棋平臺，主要功能有：各大圍棋賽事現場直播、職業棋手全程講解、Al分析、Leela Master. Leela Zero、Elfgo、 Minigo全程為棋迷提供對弈分析，查看實時勝率，Al復盤，隨時邀請各國棋迷在線對弈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIY4kWkYqWQaqM1xK1HHgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"忘憂圍棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEo0WWqYI4S46K6uML3OESc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"忘憂圍棋是一款專門針對手機用戶而自主研發的人工智能人機對弈圍棋游戲， 擁有較強的棋力并附帶近七萬局名手對局棋譜，是世上最完善的棋譜庫。同時忘憂圍棋還提供圍棋比賽直播功能，可以觀看職業棋手比賽的現場直播。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna6CwQIG22u28GFHJPOI4Z6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGeKK0sUooA4MALq0CIJHTf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E